Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia

LITERATURE REVIEW: KNOWLEDGE AND MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

2024-12-12T10:17:44+07:00

Hypertension is often referred to as a “silent killer” because it is typically not accompanied by clinical symptoms, yet it silently damages vital organs in the body. Medication adherence among patients influencing the success of hypertension therapy, and medication adherence is strongly affected by the level of patient knowledge. The purpose of this literature review to analyze the relationship between patient knowledge and medication adherence based on previous studies. This review was conducted by searching primary literature in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, focusing on articles published within the last 15 years, using keywords such as hypertension, medication adherence, and knowledge level. The results showed that there were 14 articles demonstrated a positive correlation between the level of hypertension-related knowledge and patient’s medication adherence. However, medication adherence is influenced by several factors, including the patient's motivation for treatment, the role of healthcare professionals, the accessibility of healthcare services, and the complexity of the therapy. Therefore, interventions aimed at improve medication adherence should not be limited to enhancing patient knowledge alone. Additional improvements can be made by strengthening the role of healthcare professionals to build patient trust, improving healthcare service systems, and selecting treatments that are appropriate to the patient's condition.

ION PAIRING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD VALIDATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HEPARIN OR ENOXAPARIN

2024-12-11T08:51:37+07:00

One of the drugs used to treats and prevents COVID-19 thromboembolic problems is heparin or enoxaparin sodium. Heparin and enoxaparin have the side effect of bleeding when used, so monitoring of therapy is necessary. This present study aims to validate an ion pair high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) condition to analyse the adsorption of heparin or enoxaparin at molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) after synthesis. The chromatographic system consists of a C8 column with a Diode Array Detector (DAD). The optimal chromatographic condition was obtained using mobile phase A (300mM NaCl + 10mM tetra n-butyl ammonium hydroxide) and mobile phase B (acetonitrile) under gradient elution, and 100 µl injection volume. The heparin or enox was detected at 231 nm, generating symmetrical peaks and good separation in 4.1 minutes after injection. The method indicated good selectivity with a resolution of 3.49 for heparin and 3.74 for enox. A linear detector response with R² of 0.9965 and 0.9994 for heparin and enox. The method yields good precision and good accuracy. The proposed method has met the method validation requirements for adsorption heparin or enox analysis before using validation in biological samples.

ANALYSIS OF PRESCRIPTION REVIEW AND WAITING TIME OF PAPER AND ELECTRONIC BASED NON-COMPOUNDED PRESCRIPTION IN A CLINIC

2024-12-11T10:14:52+07:00

Prescription service is a written request from a doctor to a pharmacist to provide and deliver medication for patients and it could prevent medication errors. Prescription service and waiting time are important points in pharmaceutical services. . Electronic prescription can minimize the incidence of medication errors and reduce waiting time. This study was conducted to compare paper-based prescriptions and electronic prescriptions on medication errors and waiting time using an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional study design. Data was collected prospectively using prescription review. Qualitative data was analyzed using Chi-Square and quantitative data was analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test. The results showed the average number of medication errors was higher in paper-based prescriptions (10.66%) than in electronic prescriptions (5.82%). The waiting time was longer for paper-based prescriptions (10 minutes 10 seconds) compared to the average for electronic prescriptions (8 minutes 23 seconds). The results showed that the implementation of electronic prescriptions in one of the clinics is better than paper prescriptions.

Formulation and Characterization of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Essential Oil in a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier System

2025-01-21T08:55:33+07:00

Essential oil extracted from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) contains various beneficial compounds that can be used in medicines and cosmetics. Nevertheless, nutmeg essential oil (NEO) use in pharmaceuticals is limited by its high lipophilicity and tendency to degrade. Encapsulating NEO into a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) can be an alternative to overcome these problems. Thus, this study aimed to develop an NEO formula in an NLC system (NEO-NLC) for topical use, to characterize NEO-NLC, and to elucidate its potential as an antioxidant. The optimization of the NEO-NLC formula included selecting liquid lipid components, adjusting their ratios, choosing a sonicator, selecting a surfactant system, and optimizing sonication amplitude. The optimum NEO-NLC formula was then characterized by determining particle size and distribution, measuring zeta potential, estimating encapsulation efficiency, and evaluating antioxidant activity. The optimum NEO-NLC formula was obtained with a composition of 1.8% cetyl alcohol, 3.0% almond oil, 1.2% NEO, 3.2% Tween 80, 0.8% Plantacare® 1200, and demineralized water. The resulting NEO-NLC exhibited a particle size of 124.4 ± 4.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.35 ± 0.05, a zeta potential of -39.0 ± 3.6 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency of 95.3 ± 0.6%. Encapsulation of NEO into an NLC system resulted in a 2.9-fold increase in antioxidant activity compared to unencapsulated NEO. The developed NEO-NLC showed potential for pharmaceutical or cosmetic raw material use.

PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDY OF PINEAPPLE (ANANAS COMOSUS (L.) MERR) PEEL JUICE POWDER

2025-02-06T11:02:42+07:00

Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) is plant that can be utilized as traditional medicine. Pineapple is used as remedy for constipation, nausea, hemorrhoids, flu, anemia, urinary tract disorders, and various skin diseases. In addition, pineapple peels are used as anthelmintic. Pineapple peel has many therapeutic effects, but there is no pharmacognostic standardization related to pineapple peel to verify its validity and effectiveness. Purpose of this research is to evaluate various pharmacognostic parameters, such as organoleptic, botanical, and physical aspects of pineapple peel. This research conducted organoleptic, microscopic, specific gravity, pH, water-soluble and ethanol-soluble extract content, acid number, and fluorescence tests. This research produced organoleptic profile pineapple peel solution with brownish-yellow color, characteristic pineapple aroma, and sour taste. Microscopic observations revealed parenchyma, vascular bundles, meristematic cells, raphide calcium oxalate crystals, epidermis, stone cells, phloem, and fibers. Specific gravity of pineapple peel powder is 1.04 g/mL. pH of extract at 1% and 10% concentrations is 5 and 4. Water-soluble and ethanol-soluble content is 7.4 ± 0.23% and 5.3 ± 0.17%. Acid number of pineapple peel juice powder is 26.37 mg KOH/g. Pineapple peel juice powder fluoresces upon the addition of DMSO, ether, water, glacial acetic acid, petroleum ether, chloroform, toluene, acetic acid, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate reagents

CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF THE CRUDE DRUG OF THE PIGEON ORCHID LEAVES (Dendrobium crumenatum Sw.)

2025-02-06T11:15:23+07:00

This study examined the characterization of crude drugs made from pigeon orchid leaves (Dendrobium crumenatum Sw.) and conducted phytochemical screening to identify the secondary metabolites present in them. Medicinal plants, particularly those from the orchid family, have significant potential for developing modern therapies due to the wide range of pharmacological compounds they contain, including anthocyanins, bibenzyl derivatives, and the main bioactive compound, dendrobine. In addition to their beauty, orchids are also beneficial for treating various diseases, making them a potential option for pharmaceutical preparations. The characterization results for the crude drugs derived from pigeon orchid leaves indicated water extractable matter of 42.01% and ethanol extractable matter of 79.11%. The moisture content was measured at 16.04%, and a total ash content of 22.10%. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins in the pigeon orchid leaves, while no steroids were detected.

EVALUATION OF HIGH ALERT MEDICATION STORAGE IN THE WAREHOUSE AND INPATIENT PHARMACY AT THE HOSPITAL PHARMACY OF THE JAMBI PROVINCIAL MENTAL HOSPITAL

2025-02-06T11:22:59+07:00

The storage of high alert medications at the Regional Mental Hospital (RSJD) of Jambi Province is a crucial aspect of healthcare that impacts patient safety. This study aims to evaluate the compliance of high alert medication storage in the warehouse and inpatient pharmacy of RSJD Jambi Province based on the applicable Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). The research was based on observation with a qualitative descriptive approach, where data is collected through a checklist containing indicators of storage compliance. The results show that all storage procedures for high alert medications have been implemented effectively, with a compliance percentage of 100%. The medications are stored separately from other drugs, in accordance with FIFO and FEFO principles, and are clearly labeled. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the management of high alert medications at RSJD Jambi Province has met the established standards, thereby minimizing the risk of errors in medication handling.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION EFFERVESCENT GRANULES CONTAININGBAY LEAF EXTRACT (SYZYGIUM POLYANTHUM (WIGH) WALPERS)

2025-02-06T11:52:39+07:00

Bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wigh) Walpers) contain flavonoid compounds which act as
antioxidants for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The ethanol extract of bay leaves can reduce
blood glucose levels in white rats that have been induced by streptozotocin. Effervescent
granules dissolve easily in water and provide a fresh taste like fizzy drinks making it easier to
consume, especially for consumers who cannot take capsules or tablets. The aim of this research
was to formulate and evaluate bay leaf extract effervescent granules. The research stage was
begun by producing bay leaf extract by maceration. The effervescent granule formulation was
made in 3 formula that contain 1% bay leaf extract, citric acid, tartaric acid, sodium bicarbonate,
aspartame, magnesium stearate, talc, lactose and PVP K-30 concentrations of 2% (F1), 4% (F2),
and 5% (F3). Effervescent granules were prepared by dry granulation. The physical properties
of bay leaf extract effervescent granules that were observed included organoleptic, water
content, flow time, angle of repose and effervescent cessation time. The results showed that F1
had the greatest water content (2.485%), flow time (10.274) and angle of repose (24.70), but F3
had the greatest effervescent cessation time (4.1 minutes) compared to F1 (3, 3 minutes) and F2
(3.5 minutes). This research can be concluded that effervescent granules containing 1% bay leaf
extract and PVP K-30 with varying concentrations of 2, 4 and 5% meet the requirements for
water content, flow time, angle of repose and effervescent cessation time.

STUDY OF ANTITUBERCULOSIS SIDE EFFECTS IN OUTPATIENTS IN ONE OF THE HOSPITALS AT GARUT

2025-02-06T11:46:36+07:00

Tuberculosis remains a global health problem with high incidence and mortality rates, 724,309 people infected with tuberculosis. One of the challenges in the treatment of tuberculosis is side effects of antituberculosis (OAT) which can lead to treatment discontinuation and drug resistance. This study aimed to identify the incidence of OAT side effects in outpatient tuberculosis patients at DOTS clinic in one of hospitals at Garut. This study used a descriptive survey design with a cross-sectional. Data were collected from 31 tuberculosis patients who met the inclusion criteria through interviews and medical records review during May-June 2024. Respondents used fixed dose combination (FDC) therapy (94% ) and single drug formulation(6%). OAT side effects are divided into mild and severe effects. The mild side effects most often experienced by respondents were redish urine (94%), flu-like symptoms (81%), and joint pain (77%). Meanwhile, the most common severe side effect experienced by respondents was visual (23%). Side effects are managed by administering symptomatic drugs such as antiemetics, analgesics, antipyretics, and vitamin B6. Intensive monitoring and appropriate management of side effects are essential to improve treatment adherence, prevent drug resistance, and reduce morbidity and mortality from tuberculosis.

Front Matter

2025-08-01T10:37:02+07:00