Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAN SUBFRAKSI DAUN PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI PENYEBAB JERAWAT

Rika Hartati — 2024-12-31

Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the major bacteria that infect skin which can cause many disease in the skin, one of them is acne. Papaya is one of the plants that has many activities, such as antibacterial activity. In traditional use, papaya leaves used for treatment of acne. In this study, the antibacterial activity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol papaya leaves extract were tested against Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 using agar diffusion disc method, microdilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and bioautography test. The preliminary result with diffusion disc showed that at 5% concentration of n-hexane extract of papaya leaves produced the largest inhibit zone for both bacteria, 7,43 mm for Propionibacterium acne and 7,78 mm for Staphylococcus epidermidis. The result showed that the MIC of n-hexane extract of papaya leaf were >4096 µg/mL. The result of the bioautography test of n-hexane extract showed the inhibition zone at Rf 0,09-0,28 and Rf 0,63 in chloroform-n-hexane system (6:3) for Propionibacterium acne. Based on the test result, the n-hexane extract of papaya leaves was continued to the fractination stage by chromatotron method and the compound at Rf 0,27 were selected as the target. The fraction was monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and the fraction contained the active compound was continued to subfractination stage by preparative chromatography method. The subfraction was tested against Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis by bioautography method at 600 µg/mL concentration. It resulted an inhibitory zone at Rf 0,25-0,27 for Staphylococcus epidermidis and Rf 0,27 for Propionibacterium acne. Based on the result characterization of subfraction of n-hexane extract of papaya leaves by specific

visualization reagent, the subfraction was predicted contain steroid/triterpenoid compound.

Keywords: antibacterial, acne, papaya leaves, Carica papaya L., biootografi

The THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AND ADHERENCE OF BLOOD SUPPLEMENTED TO THE INCIDENCE OF ANEMIA IN PREGNANT AND LACTATING WOMEN IN PALU CITY

Firdawati Parumpu — 2024-12-31

Anemia is one of the conditions that often occurs in pregnant and lactating women when hemoglobin levels in the body are below normal, therefore pregnant and lactating women are strongly encouraged to take Blood Supplemented during pregnancy and lactation. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of anemia, the level of knowledge of respondents, the level of compliance of respondents, and to determine the effect of the level of knowledge and compliance on the incidence of anemia in pregnant and lactating women in Palu City. This research method uses a cross sectional design with accidental sampling technique by giving questionnaires to respondents. The results obtained were that the level of knowledge of respondents in the good category obtained a greater percentage of 63%, the level of compliance of respondents in the low category of 37%, and the level of anemia incidence in respondents obtained anemia respondents as much as 60%. The results of the chi-square test on compliance obtained a sig probability value ≤ 10% (0.1) P-value of 0.000, while the knowledge obtained a value of 0.103.

The conclusion of this study is that there are many respondents who are anemic, at the level of knowledge obtained in the good category, while at the level of compliance the respondents are said to be low, so there is a relationship between the level of compliance of respondents to the incidence of anemia in pregnant and lactating women in Palu City.

Pengaruh Pemberian Minyak Biji Kelor (Moringa seeds oil) Terhadap Kadar Trigliserida Pada Darah Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus)

Nurul Amalia — 2024-12-31

ABSTRACT

Elevated triglyceride levels can be managed through non-pharmacological approaches, including the use of moringa seeds. These seeds are rich in fatty acids that exhibit potential in reducing hyperlipidemia. This research is designed to assess the impact of moringa seed oil on triglyceride concentrations in male Wistar strain white rats (Rattus norvegicus) administered with different doses. Utilizing a Posttest-Only Control Group Design, the experiment was conducted across five groups: K1 (positive control), K2 (negative control), K3 (3 mL moringa seed oil), K4 (6 mL moringa seed oil), and K5 (9 mL moringa seed oil). Measurements were taken after treatment. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in triglyceride levels between the negative control group and the groups treated with moringa seed oil (p = 0.018, p < 0.05), indicating the oil's effectiveness in reducing triglyceride levels. Furthermore, Post-Hoc LSD analysis showed a significant difference between K4 and K5, with p = 0.045 (p < 0.050). These findings suggest that moringa seed oil significantly reduces triglyceride levels, particularly at higher doses. This research determided the therapeutic potential of moringa seed oil in managing hyperlipidemia by lowering blood triglyceride levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).

THE ROLE PHARMACIST OF IN IDENTIFYING AND REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF DRUG-RELATED PROBLEMS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS USING STRESS ULCER PROPHYLAXIS

oki nugraha putra — 2024-12-31

Intervensi apoteker dalam managemen tim multidisiplin dapat mencegah maupun menurunkan masalah terkait obat atau drug-related problems (DRPs) yang berdampak terhadap perbaikan luaran klinis dan kualitas hidup pasien. Terapi stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) seringkali diberikan pada pasien yang menjalani perawatan di rumah sakit dan ditemukan adanya DRPs dari penggunanan obat tersebut. Review ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji intervensi apoteker dalam menurunkan drug-related problems (DRPs) pada pasien rawat inap yang mendapatkan terapi stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP). Review ini merupakan narrative review dengan menggunakan artikel dari database Pubmed maupun Google Scholar yang mengulas intervensi apoteker dalam mencegah maupun menurunkan DRPs, yakni biaya pengobatan, pemilihan terapi, hingga efek samping dari penggunaan terapi SUP pada pasien yang dirawat di rumah sakit. Delapan artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dimasukkan ke dalam kajian ini. Mayoritas studi melaporkan bahwa intervensi apoteker melalui pencocokan penggunaan SUP dengan pedoman dari American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) mampu untuk menurunkan biaya pengobatan, menurunkan penggunaan SUP yang tidak diperlukan terutama pada pasien yang tanpa faktor risiko, dan menurnkan terjadiya efek samping terkait Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) akibat penggunaan obat golongan proton pump inhibitors. Intervensi apoteker berhubungan dengan penurunan penggunan terapi SUP yang tidak sesuai, penurunan biaya pengobatan, dan penurunan insiden efek samping obat pada pasien yang dirawat di rumah sakit. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi intervensi apoteker yang paling cost-effective.

Kata Kunci: DRP; Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis; Apoteker; Rawat Inap

Comparing Antioxidant Activity of Extracts and Cream Preparations Combination of Lime Peel (Citrus aurantifolia) and Green Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis) for Striae Gravidarum Treatment

Alief Putriana Rahman — 2024-12-31

Striae Gravidarum (SG) are stretch marks seen in pregnant and postpartum women. Treatments for SG aim to reduce redness and enhance pigmentation and collagen. Chemical peeling treatment can be harmful. They may cause liver, kidney, and skin issues, including inflammation and skin loss. Meanwhile, laser treatments may lead to skin inflammation for 2-4 days post-procedure. Despite this, they remain popular. Topical retinoic acid can cause birth defects and miscarriages if used in pregnancy. This highlights the need for natural treatments for SG. This study aimed to find the content and the antioxidant activity of lime peel extract, green tea, and cream combination both of extract. Besides, another goal was to determine physical characteristics formulation in the cream preparation. Method of this research is phytochemical screening for extract. Measure Vitamin C, EGCG and antioxidant activity using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The cream contains 10% lime and 6% green tea extracts. This study found lime peel and green tea extracts each yielded less than 10%. Phytochemical tests revealed lime extract has alkaloid, Steroid, Saponin, Flavonoids, Tannins, and Antraquinone. Lime peel extract has vitamin C 16,56103 mg/100 mg of extract. Green tea extract contains EGCG 22,5114 mg/100 mg of extract. Lime peel extract's antioxidant activity is 268,3130 ppm. For green tea, it's 154,4009 ppm . The combination cream has 115,7629 ppm of antioxidant activity. Its physical properties meet good cream standards. The conclution of this research is combination cream of lime peel and green tea extract has the highest antioxidant activity

The METHOD VALIDATION AND DETERMINATION OF TOTAL FLAVONOIDS CONTENT IN ROSELLE WATER BASED FACE CLEANSER PRODUCTS USING UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

Hidayah Anisa Fitri — 2024-12-31

Rosella flower extract is known rich in flavonoid anthocyanin that has activity as antipollutants. So it has potential to be developed as a facial cleansing products. On previous studies, the optimum formula of roselle flower extract facial wash gell and micellar water has been obtained as water-base cleansing face products. Analysis of the of chemical compounds in both formula is essential to be conducted in order to determine their flavonoid content for their quality evaluation. In the analysis process, validated method should be used to ensure the method is performed in accordance to its purpose. This study aimed to validate the method and analyze total flavonoid content in the optimum formula of facial wash gell and micellar water containing rosella flower extract. The research was conducted using a UV-Vis spectrophotometry and method's validity was determined by analyzing linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision and accuracy parameter. Based on the results of the validation, all parameters of the analysis tested were qualified. The total flavonoid content of facial wash gell and micellar water determined by the valid method were 0.482 ± 0.008 mg QE/g and 0.136 ± 0.001 mg QE/g.

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDES FROM SYZYGIUM JAMBOS AND THEIR α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY

Lani Meilani — 2024-12-31

Diabetes has grown into a demanding global public health problem, with generally 537 million individuals afflicted worldwide. Without appropriate intervention, the risk of developing chronic complications increases. One of the practical actions for controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus is suppressing carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes such as α-glucosidase. Syzygium jambos has a long history as a traditional medicine. It's commonly used to treat diabetes, rheumatism, inflammatory pain, and as a diuretic. This study aimed to investigate the α-glucosidase inhibitory properties of S. jambos leaves and their isolated compounds. Ethanol was used as the solvent for maceration, followed by fractionation using liquid-liquid extraction, vacuum liquid chromatography, column chromatography, and radial chromatography. The isolated compounds were identified using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), TLC densitometry, shifting reagents, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. The ethyl acetate fraction presented the most potent activity of α-glucosidase inhibitory, with an IC₅₀ value of 0.31 ± 0.01 µg/mL, exceeding the acarbose as positive control (IC₅₀ 62.86 ± 1.24 µg/mL). Two flavonoid glycosides, quercetin 3-O-xylosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside and myricetin 3-O-xylosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside, were identified inside this fraction, with IC₅₀ values of 65.63 ± 1.36 µg/mL and 188.96 ± 2.85 µg/mL, respectively. These findings suggest that S. jambos has potential as a natural source for developing dietary supplements to control hyperglycemia affiliated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

AKTIVITAS PENGHAMBAT LIPASE PANCREATIC LIPASE INHIBITOR ACTIVITY In Vitro and STANDARDIZATION OF BANGLE EXTRACT (Zingiber cassumunar ROXB.)

Dyah Aryantini — 2024-12-31

A body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2 indicates obesity, which is brought on by an excess of fat deposits. blocking obesity can be achieved in part by blocking the pancreatic enzyme lipase from doing its job. A plant belonging to the Zingiberaceae family, bangle rhizome has been used traditionally for body slimming and stomach reduction. Standardization is required to guarantee the quality of Bangle extract as a basic material for traditional medicine. The study aim were evaluate specific and non-specific character to standardize Bangle extract and to conduct the inhibitory activity of lipase enzyme activity in vitro. Maceration is used to create the extract, and the extract is subsequently examined for loss of drying, microscopic, phytochemical screening and ethanol and water-soluble extract content. In vitro tests were carried out using the colorimetric method to determine the percentage of inhibition of bangle extract against lipase. The ideal lipase incubation conditions were maintained at 37 ^OC, pH 7, for 10 minutes. The water content and total ash content yield respectively of 9.42% ± 0.36 and 0,7%±0,02 while the water and ethanol soluble extract levels were 16.96 and 15.13%, respectively. When tested against the pancreatic lipase enzyme at a concentration of 100 ppm, the bangle extract shown a 27.21%±1.59 inhibition of the enzyme. Bangle extract exhibits strong activity in suppressing the pancreatic lipase enzyme in vitro, and overall, both specific and non-specific parfameters of the extract have met the standard requirements.

Analgesic Effectiveness of Temu Blenyeh (Curcuma Purpurascens Blume) Extract On Male Mice

Girly Risma Firsty — 2024-12-31

Pain is a sign of tissue damage in the body. Extracts from the Zingiberaceae family have been proven to be hypoalgesic agents and are superior to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The aim of the research was to determine the analgesic effectiveness of the ethanol extract of temu blenyeh (Curcuma purpurascens Blume). The analgesic effectiveness test was carried out using the writhing method (Sigmund) on male white mice (Mus musculus) as test animals. The test animals used were 25 mice grouped into 5 consecutive treatment groups, namely Group 1 (aquadest), Group 2 (antalgin), group 3 (Dose 50 mg/kg BW), group 4 (Dose 100 mg/kg BW) and group 5 (Dose 150 mg/kg BW). The test sample was given orally, after 30 minutes the sample wasthen induced with 1% acetic acid intraperitoneally. Observed and calculated the cumulative number of writhing for 1 hour and calculated the percent writhing protection and percent analgesic effectiveness. The data obtained in the form of the cumulative number of stretches was analyzed by Anova test. The research results showed that the ethanol extract of temu blenyeh provided a percentage of protection respectively (44.5%; 50.14%; 57.64%) and the greatest percentage of analgesic effectiveness at a dose of 150 mg/kg BW of 99.07%. Data analysis showed that ethanol extract with a dose of 50; 100 and 150 mg/kg BW did not have a significant difference to the positive control, which means the sample had analgesic effectiveness.

STUDI KOMPARATIF PREDIKSI PROFIL ADMET OBAT SINTETIS DENGAN SENYAWA AKTIF TANAMAN HERBAL ANTIMALARIA MELALUI PENDEKATAN IN SILICO

Rima Rasida — 2024-12-31

Resistance to antimalarial drugs has become a global challenge in achieving the target of malaria eradication. To address this issue, effective and safe alternative treatments are urgently needed. This study compares the ADMET profiles (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) of synthetic antimalarial drugs with active compounds derived from herbal sources using an in-silico approach. The analyzed herbal compounds, including piperine, kaempferol, berberine, quassin, and limonin, demonstrated high intestinal absorption (>30%), good water solubility, and sufficient skin permeability. In the distribution analysis, kaempferol exhibited high volume distribution due to its lipophilic interactions with body tissues, although most compounds were unable to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. The herbal compounds piperine and kaempferol inhibited metabolic enzymes CYP2C19 and CYP1A2, whereas synthetic drugs tended to act as substrates. Regarding excretion, piperine served as a renal OCT2 substrate, while pyrimethamine exhibited low clearance. Toxicity assessments revealed that herbal compounds generally exhibited better toxicity profiles compared to synthetic drugs, with limonin showing the lowest acute and chronic toxicity. These findings suggest that herbal active compounds hold significant potential for development as alternative antimalarial agents, particularly in addressing drug resistance. This study highlights the importance of further developing herbal-based drugs through in silico approaches to enhance the efficacy and safety of malaria therapy.

Keyword : malaria drug resistance, active herbal compounds, ADMET, In silico