Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF SELENIUM IN HEALTH SUPPLEMENTS USING 2,3 DIAMINONAPHTALENE AS COLORIMETRIC REAGENT

Anggi Gumilar, Adinda Triani Putri, Mira Andam Dewi, Slamet Ibrahim — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Health supplements containing selenium are now increasingly used by public . However, so far, a simple analytical method for determining selenium in health supplements are still rare. The latest method for determining selenium is based on Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectrometry. The cost of this method is very expensive. This study aims to apply and validate the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method for determining selenium in health supplements using 2,3 Diaminonaphthalene as reagent. The study began by testing the specificity of reaction between Selenium with the reagent, that it is showed in specific spectrum with maximum absorbance wavelength at 483 nm. The linearity test using calibration curve, the results obtained were a linear regression equation y = 0.0126x + 0.0736 with the value of r² = 0.9974 and V_x0 = 0.01%. Limit of detection = 0.00917 mg/mL and limit of quantitation = 0.02777 mg/mL. The accuracy of this method expressed as an average of % Recovery was 97.84% and the precision expressed as % RSD was 0.02%. The final step of this study was the determination of selenium in supplement samples using the standard addition method. The average results obtained based on the determination of selenium levels in supplements were 58.82% (sample A); 111.17% (sample B); and 98.08% (sample C) calculated against the selenium levels listed on the label of each sample, namely 25, 30, and 50 mg Se, with the requirement being in the range of 90 - 110% of the levels listed on the label. Thus, only sample C meets the requirements.

Formulation and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of a Deodorant Spray Containing Ethanol Extract of Butterfly Leaf (Bauhinia purpurea L.) against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Yara Humaira, Muhammad Amin Nasution, Rafita Yuniarti, Haris Munandar Nasution — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Body odor affects a person's social relationships, unpleasant odors are caused by bacteria that appear on parts of the body that are from sweat. One of the cosmetic products that is believed to prevent body odor is deodorant. Deodorant spray has more hygiene because it is used without direct contact with the skin. An important component in deodorant sprays formulation is antimicrobial agents. Long-term use of synthetic antimicrobials can lead to resistance, so it must to use natural antimicrobials. Butterfly leaves (Bauhinia purpurea L) can be a natural antimicrobial agent, because contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids and saponins that can inhibit bacterial growth. This research began with phytochemical screening, making deodorant spray F0 (without extract), F1 (10% ), F2 (15% t), and F3 (20%) extract, evaluation and testing of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The data analyzed with SPSS using One Way ANNOVA method. The results of this study showed that the pH value decrease along with the increase in the concentration of the extract in the preparation, but it was still within the normal pH range of 4.5-6.5. The results of the irritation test did not show an irritation and the preparation was preferred by the panelists. The antibacterial activity of deodorant spray against both bacteria has a strong inhibitory power, there are F0 (0 mm), F1 (12.92 mm), F2 (13.82 mm), and F3 (16.85 mm) against Staphylococcus epidermidis, and F0 (0 mm), F1 (12.57 mm), F2 (13.47 mm), and F3 (15.32 mm).

Validation and Reliability of the Indonesian PDQ-39 Questionnaire in Parkinson’s Disease Patients

Yasinda Oktariza, Lia Amalia, Sobaryati, Media Y Kurniawati — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The PDQ-39 questionnaire is a disease-specific instrument used to measure the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Parkinson's disease patients. HRQoL assessment is one of key parameter for evaluating patient outcomes after receiving pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. The PDQ-39 questionnaire has been widely used in various countries, including Indonesia. However, no studies about validating and assessing the reliability of the Indonesian version of the PDQ-39 questionnaire have been published. This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the PDQ-39 questionnaire. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a consecutive sampling technique. The study began with a language adaptation process. Questionnaire validity was assessed using Pearson’s Product-Moment correlation, while reliability was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient (>0.6). The questionnaire was administered to 31 outpatients at the Neurology Clinic of RSUD Arifin Achmad, Riau Province, and RSAU Dr. M. Salamun Bandung. Validity testing demonstrated that most correlation coefficients (r) between domains were acceptable (0.470–0.892) and statistically significant at p<0.01, except for item number twenty (r=0.345). Reliability testing showed a high overall Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.924. Based on these findings, the Indonesian version of the PDQ-39 questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the quality of life in Parkinson's disease patients.

BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF TRENDS AND NOVELTY IN PERMEABILITY STUDIES USING DATAWARRIOR-BASED CHEMINFORMATICS

Wed, 24 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Cheminformatics is a discipline that employs computational methods on chemical data and has emerged as a cutting-edge approach in pharmaceutical sciences. DataWarrior, an open-source software that integrates big data, offers a variety of features to support cheminformatics studies. This study aims to examine permeability research using DataWarrior-based cheminformatics and evaluate the potential for research innovation, particularly within the field of pharmacy. A bibliometric analysis using the Dimensions, Biblioshiny, and ResearchRabbit databases reveals that publications on permeability studies employing DataWarrior have increased, although the number of citations has declined due to a lack of novelty in the topics. Moreover, the limited use of the keyword "cheminformatics" in permeability studies indicates that the connection between these two fields needs to be strengthened. The integration of pharmacokinetic and physicochemical data via DataWarrior enables the development of more reliable methods by enhancing the prediction of compound similarity through its built-in descriptors, thereby supporting the practicality of molecular permeability and pharmacokinetic studies for new compounds. On the other hand, this research potential for Indonesia to increase its contributions to publications and citations in this field.

THE EFFECT OF VARIATION IN THE CONCENTRATION OF GREEN TEA LEAF EXTRACT (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) ON THE PHYSICAL QUALITY OF EYE CREAM PREPARATIONS

Nofita sulistiawati, Alief Putriana Rahman, Syaifiyatul H — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Premature aging of the eye area is characterized by the appearance of wrinkles, fine lines, eye bags and dark circles due to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, free radicals, and decreased collagen production. Green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) are known to contain high antioxidants, especially catechins such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), so it has the potential to be used as an anti-aging agent to slow down the skin aging process. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in green tea leaf extract concentration on the physical quality of eye cream preparations and determine the best formula. The study was conducted experimentally with four eye cream formulas, namely formula 0 (0% extract), formula 1 (0.5% extract), formula 2 (5% extract), and formula 3 (10% extract). Physical quality evaluation included organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, stickiness, cream type, and centrifugation test. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test and compared with eye cream physical quality standards. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the parameters of pH, viscosity, spreadability, and stickiness between formulas. Formula 1 (0.5%) fulfilled all physical quality parameters according to the standard, including even homogeneity, pH according to the skin, optimal viscosity and spreadability, and no phase separation. It was concluded that formula 1 was the best formula.

REVIEW: METABOLOMICS APPROACH IN EXPLORATION OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE PLANTS: PROFILE OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND CHANGES IN ENDOGENOUS METABOLITES

Intan Khoirunnisa, Patonah — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Metabolomic techniques represent an analytical strategy that supports the discovery of natural product-based drugs, including antihypertensive agents. This article aims to review various metabolomic techniques and approaches used to identify and characterize bioactive compounds in medicinal plants, highlighting two primary strategies: (1) plant metabolite profiling to identify potential bioactive biomarkers, and (2) analysis of endogenous metabolite changes in biological samples from hypertensive models treated with plant-based interventions. Literature was searched through databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using relevant keywords. This review focuses on analytical methods such as LC-MS, NMR, and HPLC, data processing strategies including PCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS, and the integration of metabolomic techniques in the validation and exploration of plant-derived antihypertensive compounds. The findings demonstrate that metabolomic approaches significantly contribute to accelerating natural drug discovery by identifying biomarkers and elucidating mechanisms of action through related endogenous metabolic pathways.

Calotropis gigantea AS EARLY TREATMENT OF GANGRENOUS ULCERS TO PREVENT AMPUTATION IN DIABETES MELLITUS: LITERATURE REVIEW

Elok Salsabiella; Amaliyah Dina Anggraeni — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Gangrenous ulcers due to diabetes increase the risk of amputation. Madurese herb Calotropis gigantea is empirically known to accelerate wound healing through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and angiogenesis-stimulating activities, as well as helping to inhibit infection and repair tissues. To determine the effectiveness of traditional Madurese herb based on Calotropis gigantea extract as a complementary therapy in accelerating the healing of gangrenous ulcers in patients with diabetes mellitus. Using Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on google scholar database, PubMed, and ScienceDirect for the period 2020-2025 indexed by SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) Quartile 1 - 2 articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) was used as a reference for literature search keywords with the use of the PIO (Problem, Intervention, Outcome) concept as an extraction and analysis of research articles. The results showed that Calotropis gigantea extract has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and angiogenesis-stimulating activities, which effectively accelerate the healing of gangrenous ulcers and reduce the risk of serious complications. The bioactive compounds in this Madurese herb support tissue regeneration and infection control. Traditional Madurese herb based on Calotropis gigantea extract has the potential to be an effective complementary therapy to support conventional treatment, reduce the risk of amputation, and improve the quality of life of patients with gangrenous ulcers due to diabetes.