Communication in Biomathematical Sciences

CTL Model with Ethnomathematics and Green School to Improve 3T Papua Students' Literacy

2025-10-22T20:41:50+07:00

Environmental degradation in Papua, including deforestation, river pollution, and land degradation, increasingly threatens the sustainability of ecosystems and the livelihoods of indigenous communities who depend on nature. Environmental education at the primary school level plays a strategic role in fostering children’s ecological awareness as future custodians of the land. However, most environmental education practices in Papuan schools have not been systematically integrated with local wisdom, which, in fact, holds rich ecological values. Therefore, this study aims to formulate an ethnopedagogical learning strategy for ecological education among Papuan children to prevent the destruction of green environments. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through classroom observations, interviews with teachers and elementary students, and documentation of local wisdom–based learning practices. Data analysis was conducted using reduction, display, and inductive conclusion drawing techniques. The findings reveal that (1) ethnopedagogical learning strategies effectively connect Papuan cultural values such as customary rules for forest protection, folklore, and collective practices with ecological education in primary schools; (2) there was an observable improvement in students’ understanding, attitudes, and pro-environmental behaviors after participating in the learning activities; and (3) local values such as prohibitions against indiscriminate tree cutting, the use of traditional medicinal plants, and the philosophy of “nature as the mother of life” can be systematically integrated into school curricula. In conclusion, the application of ethnopedagogy in environmental education not only strengthens the cultural identity of Papuan children but also serves as a preventive strategy against green ecological degradation. These findings are expected to inform teachers, schools, and local governments in developing culturally grounded environmental education programs.

The The role of selective harvesting strategy in stage-structured models incorporating implicit marine reserve and critical biomass level

2025-10-10T08:24:42+07:00

In this work, we propose two stage-structured predator-prey models that incorporating an implicit marine reserve and a critical biomass level that is proportional to harvesting effort. The stage structures are immature and mature. In the first model, harvesting only occurs on the immature class, while the second model, harvesting only take place on the mature class. The solution properties of both models are determined including existence, uniqueness, and positivity. Next, we find the equilibria of the models, and we then establish the local and global stability conditions of the equilibria. Lastly, we compare both model by investigating which strategies are good in the context of maintaining the density of a fish population and the harvesting effort. Our results show that, first, the harvesting can be implemented if we have that the growth rate of the mature class is greater than its death rate in both models. The second is that both strategies harvesting are equally good, it just depends on what the condition of the harvested population is. At a special case, when we hold that the transition of immature to mature is less than equal to the death rate of mature, then harvesting on mature is better than immature. The results in this study can be considered by policy makers in implementing a selective harvesting program, which is assessed to have potential for conserving a marine ecosystem.

Erratum: Geometric Approach to Predator-Prey Model with Carrying Capacity on Prey Population

2025-09-28T19:06:14+07:00

This erratum addresses inaccuracies found in the figure captions of the article titled "Geometric Approach to Predator-Prey Model with Carrying Capacity on Prey Population" [Marshellino, Tasman, H. and Rusin, R., Communication in Biomathematical Sciences, 7(2), pp. 162-176, 2024. DOI: 10.5614/cbms.2024.7.2.1].

Optimal Control of Japanese Encephalitis: A Multi-Host Modeling Framework for Integrated Interventions

2025-09-28T12:17:17+07:00

Japanese encephalitis (JE), caused by the mosquito-borne Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), continues to be a significant public health concern throughout Asia and the Pacific. This study develops and analyzes a multi-host, vector–reservoir–human mathematical model with SEIR dynamics for humans and SEI dynamics for pigs and mosquitoes, incorporating a broad set of biologically motivated, time-dependent control strategies. These controls encompass host-targeted interventions, vector management, ecological approaches, and biodiversity-driven effects. Optimal solutions are determined through Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, and the corresponding optimality system is analyzed using numerical methods. Simulation results reveal that integrated strategies substantially reduce infection prevalence across species, outperforming single interventions, while sensitivity analysis highlights the parameters most critical for intervention success. The findings emphasize the synergistic potential of combined measures and demonstrate the utility of optimal control in guiding cost-effective, evidence-based policies for sustainable JE management. As far as we are aware, this study is the first to assess an integrated set of host, vector, and ecosystem-level interventions for Japanese encephalitis using a unified optimal control approach.