Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jmfs <p><img class="imgdesc" src="https://lppm.itb.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/sites/55/2021/08/JMFS_ITB_small.jpg" alt="" width="173" height="220" /></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences </em>welcomes full research articles in the area of Mathematics and Natural Sciences from the following subject areas: Astronomy, Chemistry, Earth Sciences (Geodesy, Geology, Geophysics, Oceanography, Meteorology), Life Sciences (Agriculture, Biochemistry, Biology, Health, Medical, Pharmacy), Mathematics, Physics, and Statistics. New submissions of mathematics articles starting in January 2020 are required to focus on applied mathematics with real relevance to the field of natural sciences.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Starting from Vol. 1, No. 1, 1961, full articles published are available online at ITB Journals and indexed by <a href="https://www.scopus.com/source/sourceInfo.uri?sourceId=21100268424&amp;origin=recordpage">Scopus</a>, <a href="https://mjl.clarivate.com/cgi-bin/jrnlst/jlresults.cgi?PC=MASTER&amp;ISSN=2337-5760">Web of Science (Emerging Sources Citation Index) - Clarivate Analytics</a>, <a href="https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21100268424&amp;tip=sid&amp;clean=0">Scimago JR</a>, <a href="https://doaj.org/toc/2338-5510">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, <a href="https://scholar.google.co.id/citations?hl=en&amp;user=xdqQsgUAAAAJ&amp;view_op=list_works&amp;sortby=pubdate">Google Scholar</a>, <a href="https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/Journal+of+Mathematical+and+Fundamental+Sciences,p24780956,3.html">Index Copernicus</a>, <a href="https://rzblx1.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/searchres.phtml?bibid=AAAAA&amp;colors=7&amp;lang=en&amp;jq_type1=QS&amp;jq_term1=journal+of+mathematical+and+fundamental+sciences">The Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek (EZB) by University Library of Regensburg</a>, <a href="https://atoz.ebsco.com/Titles/SearchResults/8623?SearchType=Contains&amp;Find=Journal+of+Mathematical+fundamental+Sciences&amp;GetResourcesBy=QuickSearch&amp;resourceTypeName=allTitles&amp;resourceType=&amp;radioButtonChanged=">EBSCO Open Science Directory</a>, <a href="https://asean-cites.org/aci_search/journal.html?b3BlbkpvdXJuYWwmaWQ9MTAzNzg">ASEAN Citation Index</a>, <a href="https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/journal/view/7389">Garba Rujukan Digital (Garuda)</a> and <a href="https://sinta.ristekbrin.go.id/journals/detail?id=667">Science and Technology Index (SINTA)</a>.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">The journal has been also accredited for five years based on The Decree of Directorate General of Research and Development Strengthening, Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia <a href="https://lppm.itb.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/sites/55/2021/12/Salinan-SK-Hasil-Akresitasi-Jurnal-Ilmiah-Periode-II-Tahun-2018.pdf">No. 030/E/KPT/2018</a>, dated on October 24th, 2018.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Published by Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, in collaboration with <a href="https://www.lppm.itb.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/sites/55/2018/01/MoU-HAKI-JMFS-2018-BW.pdf">Indonesian Chemical Society (Himpunan Kimia Indonesia - HKI)</a>.</p> <p>ISSN: <a href="https://issn.brin.go.id/terbit/detail/1356660275">2337-5760</a>; E-ISSN: <a href="https://issn.brin.go.id/terbit/detail/1372762782" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2338-5510</a></p> <p><strong><u>Publication History</u></strong></p> <p><strong>Formerly known as:</strong></p> <ul> <li>ITB Journal of Science (2008 - 2012)</li> <li>Proceedings ITB Science and Technology (2003 - 2007)</li> <li>Proceedings ITB (1961 - 2002)</li> </ul> <p>Back issues also can be read online at <a href="https://journal.itb.ac.id">https://journal.itb.ac.id</a></p> Directorate for Research and Community Services (LPPM) ITB en-US Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences 2337-5760 Conditioned Medium of IGF1-Induced Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Effects on Sox9 Gene Expression and Level of COL2 and IL1β in Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jmfs/article/view/18326 <p>Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) hold promises for treating osteoarthritis (OA) due to their great capacity for regeneration and their accessibility. However, obstacles like poor cell survival and differentiation prevent them from being used in transplants. Thus, this study examined WJMSCs’ Conditioned Medium (CM) (WJMSCs-CM) for OA treatment. In order to determine how well IL1β-induced chondrocyte cells (IL1β-CHON002) heal OA-damaged cells, they were treated with both IGF1-induced and uninduced WJMSCs-CM. Key parameters measured were IL1β, Sox9 and COL2. The STRING database was explored to evaluate the proteins contained in WJMSCs-CM and to see their interactions and CM potential in OA exposure. The STRING database indicates WJMSCs-CM to possess the ability to manage OA because of the growth factors they contain, which raise the expression of cartilage marker genes. The results indicated that 15% WJMSCs-CM with 150 ng/mL IGF1 had the highest Sox9 expression, significant reduction in pro-inflammatory mediators, and an increase in COL2 levels. Additionally, 14 days of treatment resulted in better outcomes compared to 7 days. CM from WJMSCs treated with IGF1 with a concentration of 15% exhibited the highest level for each parameter. Both durations showed difference across parameters, highlighting the potential for OA therapy.</p> Wahyu Widowati Hanna Sari Widya Kusuma Rizal Azis The Fransiska Eltania Faradhina Salfa Nindya Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-12-31 2024-12-31 56 3 159 177 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2024.56.3.1 Density Functional Theory Investigation on Muon Hyperfine Interaction in Methylated Guanine-Cytosine Double-Strand DNA https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jmfs/article/view/24392 <p>The aims of this study were to determine the most likely Mu trapping sites based on total energy consideration as well as identifying the associated muon hyperfine coupling constant of 1, 2, and 3 methylated guanine-cytosine base pair double-strand DNA. The Density Functional Theory method was used at B3LYP/6-31G level of theory to accomplish the objectives of the investigation. The relative energy in the 3 methylated guanine-cytosine base pair double-strand DNA molecule showed that N7 sites in the guanine base have the lowest energy, followed by N3, and C8 sites. It was found that the addition of a methyl group at the C5 atom in the cytosine base does change the stability of the C8 sites in the 3 methylated guanine-cytosine base pair double-strand DNA molecule, but the associated muon hyperfine coupling constant (HFCC) is not affected. The results of this study indicate that there will be no overlaps in the resonance dips due to N7, N3, and all C8 sites of the guanine bases and N3, C5, and C6 sites of the cytosine bases in the Avoided Level Crossing Muon Spin Resonance spectrum.</p> Ammaina Jamaludin Shukri Sulaiman Wan Nuradhilah Zaharim Ang Lee Sin Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-02-13 2025-02-13 56 3 178 197 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2024.56.3.2 On the Interaction between Trichogramma chilonis and Jatiroto Flies with Stem Borer Pests in Sugarcane Plantation https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jmfs/article/view/24753 <p>Pests in sugarcane plantations are a major cause of damage, which could lead to severe damage to the crop, reduction of sugar quality, and significant economic loss. One of the major pests known in sugarcane plantations is stem borer (<em>Chilo sacchriphagus</em>), which attacks the canes. Two primary parasitoids, <em>Trichogramma chilonis</em>, which predates the stem borer eggs, and the Jatiroto fly (<em>Diatraeophaga striatalis</em>), which predates the stem borer larvae, are discussed here. This paper presents a time-dependent ten-dimensional dynamical mathematical model consisting of four-stage stem borer compartments, three-stage <em>Trichogramma</em> compartments, and three-stage Jatiroto compartments. Simulations are presented to describe the phenomenon of <em>Trichogramma</em> predation, Jatiroto predation, and simultaneous predation of both predators. It is shown that the release rate of each predator and a combined release of two predators can significantly reduce the infestation levels to a tolerable level for sugarcane production. The oscillatory dynamics of the stem borers and the Jatiroto flies affected the release timing strategy based on the level of infestation in the field. The results are expected to help us better understand the predator-prey phenomenon in the field and improve the forecasting of infestations in the field.</p> Rifky Fauzi Zunanik Mufidah Gres Maretta Tiara Shofi Edriani Nela Rizka Utriweni Mukhaiyar Riani Utami Sri Haryani Saefudin Saefudin Amalia Styaningrum Edy Soewono Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-04-09 2025-04-09 56 3 198 226 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2024.56.3.3 Discretization and Associated Asymptotic Behavior for the Lax Equation with Skew-symmetry https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jmfs/article/view/25262 <p>The computation of matrix eigenvalues is vital for understanding various scientific phenomena. The QR method, which is based on the QR factorization of a matrix, is a common approach in numerical linear algebra. In integrable systems, the one-step process of the QR method is related to the time evolution of the Lax equation. In this paper, we clarify the relationship between the QR method, which incorporates an origin shift parameter, and the Lax equation with skew-symmetry. Furthermore, we show the asymptotic convergence of discretization based on matrix factorization of the Lax equation with skew-symmetry as discrete time approaches infinity.</p> Masato Shinjo Masaharu Kitakado Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-04-25 2025-04-25 56 3 227 241 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2024.56.3.4 An Algorithm to Construct a Tridiagonal Matrix Factored by Bidiagonal Matrices with Prescribed Eigenvalues and Specified Entries https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jmfs/article/view/25269 <p>This paper presents an algorithm to construct a tridiagonal matrix factored by bidiagonal matrices with prescribed eigenvalues and specified matrix entries. The proposed algorithm addresses inverse eigenvalue problems (IEPs) constrained by LR decomposition. Using techniques from discrete soliton theory, we derive recurrence relations that connect matrix entries and eigenvalues. The algorithm systematically computes unknown entries in the matrix from given spectrum data and partial matrix information. Several examples, including cases with real, complex, and multiple eigenvalues, demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Additionally, we provide conditions under which the algorithm successfully solves the IEP.</p> Koichi Kondo Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-04-25 2025-04-25 56 3 242 256 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2024.56.3.5