Implementing Underground Water Storage Tank to Stabilize Intermittent Water Supply in Jakarta, Indonesia

2026-02-26T20:10:56+07:00

This study addresses the issue of intermittent water supply in Jakarta, focusing on the use of underground water storage tanks (UWSTs) to stabilize water availability in three commercial buildings. Surveys showed that the average pressure from drinking water utilities over five consecutive days was only 4 m head—considered critically low. The research proposes installing UWSTs to store water during off-peak hours for redistribution during peak demand or supply outages. The study also analyzed the influence of commuter and resident water-use patterns, with an estimated tank capacity of 25.69 m³ per site to accommodate varying demand. Field data processing and simulations demonstrated that UWSTs can markedly improve supply consistency, particularly during peak hours. Optimizing the tank design within the space constraints in the buildings proved effective in balancing storage capacity and structural integrity. The integration of UWSTs with pressure-management strategies offers a practical and resilience-based approach to Jakarta’s urban water-supply challenges. Residential and office-sector consumption data were specifically integrated into a composite daily pattern to characterize urban peak-demand behavior in Jakarta. The solution proposed in this study is considered sustainable because it utilizes the existing water supply without increasing extraction, while improving temporal distribution efficiency during low-pressure periods.

Beyond Static Boundaries: An Integrated Framework of Space Syntax, Fractals, and Spatial Clustering for Urban Agglomeration Dynamics

2026-03-13T09:31:50+07:00

Defining urban agglomeration boundaries using conventional administrative approaches often creates a ‘statistical illusion’ that distorts the functional spatial reality, while alternative dynamic models (such as cellular automata and agent-based models) are hindered by an absolute dependency on the availability of historical spatio-temporal data. Addressing this epistemological deadlock, this article proposes a new methodological framework that deconstructs the dynamics of metropolitan agglomeration evolution through the integration of space syntax, fractal dimension, and spatial clustering (DBSCAN) methods, purely by extracting the topological network of existing road intersections. This triadic framework addresses three fundamental analytical dimensions: space syntax diagnoses the ‘seeds’ of historical initiation (time-frame) through centrality metrics; fractal analysis quantifies the level of complexity and objectively establishes the threshold of evolutionary scale (scale-frame); and the DBSCAN algorithm visualizes the transition of agglomeration as an emergent spatial structure (visual-frame). The empirical implementation of the proof of concept was applied to the hierarchy of functional urban areas (FUA) in Indonesia, represented by the megalopolis of Jakarta and the metropolitan areas of Bandung and Yogyakarta. The precise calibration results successfully unveiled the ontological cycle of the city: from the discovery of micro-cluster embryos (postdiction) and mapping the explosion of fragmentation in the present (status quo) to determining the boundaries of macro fusion of urban areas in their entirety (prediction). In conclusion, this integrated framework shifts the paradigm from static delineation to process-oriented agglomeration analysis, offering an analytical instrument with extraordinary data efficiency that liberates spatial planning from the bias of arbitrary administrative jurisdictions.

Journal of Regional and City Planning

Implementing Underground Water Storage Tank to Stabilize Intermittent Water Supply in Jakarta, Indonesia

Beyond Static Boundaries: An Integrated Framework of Space Syntax, Fractals, and Spatial Clustering for Urban Agglomeration Dynamics