Journal of Regional and City Planning

Index

Journal of Regional and City Planning — Sun, 26 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Contributors

Journal of Regional and City Planning — Thu, 02 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Rural Capitalization and Agrarian Transformation in the Ciwidey Highlands, West Java, Indonesia

Fri, 23 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0700

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between capitalization and rural transformation. By conducting a study in the Ciwidey Highlands of West Java, this study focused on the development of tourism as a path for capital flow that is directly connected with the existence of agricultural land and the livelihoods of the population as farmers. These two aspects are key elements in reviewing rural transformation. The data for this study were obtained through field observation at fourteen locations of agricultural land and a questionnaire survey distributed among ninety tourism workers. Through map interpretation and descriptive analysis, the results of this study show the impact of capitalization through tourism development in the increasing economic value of land, which results in the desire of farmers to sell their agricultural land. This impact was also seen in the shift in livelihoods. Rural capitalization through tourism investment has a significant impact on livelihoods, land tenure, and land use.

Regional Variations of Indonesian Cities: Geometric properties, Street Patterns, and Topological structure.

Muhammad Fajri Romdhoni, Mahbub Rashid — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract: As one of the fastest growing countries with the largest population in the ASEAN region, cities in Indonesia are constantly evolving and changing. Although the current political establishment is planning to relocate the country’s capital to the Kalimantan island, comparative research on Indonesian cities is very limited. Indonesia is an archipelago country that consists of 17,508 islands and at least 514 urban areas, of which 98 of them can be categorized as cities. This paper will focus on examining variations in provincial capital cities from Indonesia’s 6 regions: Sumatera, Java-Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku-Papua. The paper uses OpenStreetMap (OSM) vector datasets to study the geometric properties of street centerlines and the regression techniques on the Landsat satellite images of these cities processed in GIS to study land-use patterns. The paper also uses the method of patterns classification from volunteered geographic information systems (VGI) to study street orientational patterns utilizing OSMnx. Finally, the paper uses space syntax methods to describe the topological features of natural street networks of the cities. The results of this study show that there are statistically significant regional variations among cities in Indonesia. They also show that street network orientations are correlated with global integration values indicating that movement potentials could be affected by spatial shape patterns in these cities.

Influence of Centrality Indices of Urban Railway Stations: Social Network Analysis of Transit Ridership and Travel Distance

Seongman Jang, Youngsoo An — Sat, 07 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This empirical study calculated the network centralities of urban railway stations in Seoul using Social Network Analysis (SNA) and analyzed the effect of this value on the number of passengers and average travel distance at each station. Network centrality can be calculated using various methodologies. In this study, reach, betweenness, and closeness were used as network centrality indicators. A regression model was used with the characteristics of building use in the station catchment areas as control variables. This methodology was compared to previous studies’ methods for obtaining stations’ topology values. The adjusted R² values increased by 0.272 and 0.220 for the respective models, explaining the number of passengers and the average travel distance, respectively; the number of significant variables also increased in both models. These results indicate that defining the network centrality obtained through SNA as the station’s topology could improve explanations of the number of passengers and the average travel distance by 27.2% and 22.0%, respectively, compared to previous studies. While this methodology is not new, this study demonstrated the advantages of using SNA to determine the centrality indices of urban railway stations.

Measuring Spatializing Inequalities of Transport Accessibility and Urban Development Patterns: Focus on Megacity Urbanization, Thailand

Pawinee Iamtrakul, Apinya Padon, Jirawan Klaylee — Tue, 10 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The metropolis of Bangkok is characterized as a primate city because of its role as the capital of Thailand. Its suburbanization spreads to five surrounding provinces. Compared to other provinces in Thailand, it has highly concentrated urban development, without disparity between urban and rural areas. Furthermore, the travel volume in Bangkok and its surrounding areas is the highest in the country, with the majority related to private vehicle usage. This is why Bangkok is ranked as the world’s most congested city. To solve this problem and sustain the urbanization of the capital, it is necessary to understand the urban development patterns in Bangkok and their associated factors in measuring the accessibility of transportation. This research applied factor analysis and cluster analysis to characterize the different district contexts of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, by selecting the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) as the capital city area and Pathum Thani Province as a suburbanized area. Consequently, their transport accessibility could be represented by the level of accessibility in terms of the inequalities in the existing transportation system. Furthermore, by clustering the districts according to their economic and social factors, the causes of these inequalities could be identified by spatializing and geographically highlighting them. These findings should be integrated into the urban planning and development policies to overcome urban development challenges and create a city with more accessible and affordable public transport opportunities.

Physiological and Psychological Effects of Walking in Campus Landscape on Young Adults

Mon, 16 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Green space has a vital role in the community’s health and well-being. Forest bathing is an effective method of enjoying the forest atmosphere through physical activity or relaxing in a forest landscape. However, until now, no one has declared the benefits of forest therapy in Indonesia. This study clarifies the physiological and psychological effects of walking in a campus landscape. This research was conducted using experimental methods through physical activity survey, self-report questionnaires, Visitor Employed Photography (VEP), and automatic classification based on the image annotation API. The experiment was conducted in a park and an arboretum, and thirty-two young university subjects were tested. The participants walked for fifteen minutes on walking routes and district roads. Their blood pressure was measured before and after walking, and their heart rate was measured continuously. During the walk, the subjects took photographs of striking scenes using the Visitor Employed Photography method. Profile of Mood States (POMS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to evaluate the psychological responses. Walking in the campus landscape resulted in a lower heart rate, less negative moods, and less anxiety than walking on the district road. Out of 837 photographs, 45% were taken from the Academic Event Plaza, 41.5% from the Arboretum, and the remaining 13.5% from district road, Jalan Raya Dramaga. Two main groups of campus green spaces included man-made landscape consisting of road surface, buildings, plant organs, stairs, and terrestrial plants; and natural landscape consisting of sky, trees, flowers, clouds, and plant community. This study found that walking in campus green space induced physiological and psychological health benefits and prominent landscape elements supported the green campus.

Morphological and Fractal Characteristics of City Road Networks from Philippine Metropolitan Regions

Michelle T. Cirunay, Rene C. Batac — Mon, 16 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0700

City road networks evolve from the fundamental need to connect various locations and to subdivide available space, especially in large urban areas. No two cities are exactly the same, however, and the differences manifest themselves in the layout of roads across their geographical regions. In this work, the fractal dimensions of urban roads from the three major metropolitan regions of the Philippines were investigated, along with the distributions of dimensionless spatial metrics for characterizing roads and road-bounded blocks. The dimensionless metrics reveal the commonalities, particularly the road and block motifs found in the urban road network tapestry. On the other hand, the fractal dimensions hint at the difference in levels of urbanization of the various cities and municipalities, which are considered subject to geographical constraints. This research adds to the growing literature with a complexity perspective on urban systems by reporting on an archipelagic road network data set. From a practical perspective, this work is deemed to be a useful first step towards an even deeper quantitative analysis of these regional economic centers and its insights may be used for drafting effective policy measures for management and further development.

Spatial Dynamic Model of Index-Based Disaster Resilience

Wed, 01 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Measurement and development of resilience are essential in disaster risk reduction programs. Furthermore, efforts are needed to measure resilience baselines to track changes over time and compare areas for monitoring and evaluating resilience development. Therefore, this study identified dimensions and indicators for measuring resilience using a statistical approach and developed an index-based spatial resilience model in a web-GIS environment. This paper presents the spatial distribution of urban resilience to disasters in Semarang City at the sub-district level. Factor analysis showed that 21 selected indicators could represent five dimensions of resilience: social, economic, infrastructure, environmental, and institutional. Furthermore, the model results showed that 88% of the sub-districts were in the moderate resilience class. The spatial distribution of each dimension showed considerable heterogeneity in its coastal and plain areas (city center) as well as better resilience in the social and infrastructure dimensions than in its hilly areas. The hilly areas in the west have relatively better resilience than those in the east. These results can be used as a reference in managing resilience to disasters. The model presents a spatial distribution of resilience based on an index that quickly provides an overview of the conditions and determines priorities for increasing resilience in supporting disaster risk reduction programs.