ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK ANTROPOMETRI DAN KONDISI FISIK ATLET PELAJAR DISEKOLAH PUSAT PENDIDIKAN DAN LATIHAN PELAJAR SE-PULAU JAWA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5614/jskk.2020.5.1.6Keywords:
fisiologiAbstract
Latar belakang: Sports science menekankan pentingnya pengukuran kondisi fisik pada setiap cabang olahraga untuk menentukan metode latihan yang tepat, yang dapat digunakan oleh pelatih dalam membina atlet. Penelitian bermaksud untuk mengukur karakteristik fisiologi atlet muda PPLP di beberapa cabang olahraga prioritas Indonesia, seperti: Atletik, Pencak Silat dan Taekwondo. Metode: Dalam penelitian ini, seluruh subjek melakukan pengukuran antropometri dan kondisi fisik. Dimana dalam pengukuran antropometri, meliputi berat badan, tinggi badan, Body mass Index (BMI). Sedangkan pada uji kondisi fisik, pengukuran meliputi lompat vertikal, sprint 30 meter, dan cooper test 2.4 km. Hasil: Penelitian ini berhasil menunjukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif, rata-rata antropometri, daya tahan aerobik (VO2max), daya tahan anaerobik (lompat vertikal dan sprint 30 meter) pada atlet dari cabang olahraga Taekwondo, Pencak Silat, dan Atletik. Pada pengukuran antropometri, hanya atlet Pencak Silat (putra dan putri), yang memiliki tinggi badan di bawah rata-rata nilai normal yang ditetapkan WHO. Sementara pada pengukuran daya tahan anaerobik pada variable sprint 30 meter, hanya atlet Atletik putra yang masuk kedalam rentang nilai normal yang telah ditetapkan, sementara atlet pada cabang olahraga lainnya tidak masuk kedalam rentang nilai normal tersebut. Di sisi lain, tidak ada rata-rata hasil lompat vertikal yang dibawah nilai normal, pada ketiga cabang olahraga yang telah dilakukan pengukuran, baik putra dan putri pada setiap cabang. Sementara itu, hasil pengukuran VO2max juga mencatatakan bahwa seluruh atlet (putra dan putri) dari ketiga cabang olahraga yang diukur, memiliki hasil rata-rata VO2max yang normal dan cenderung sangat baik. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan tidak adanya hasil rata-rata VO2max yang berada dibawah rentang nilai normal yang telah ditetapkan. Kesimpulan: Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan screening latihan aerobic test (cooper test 2.4), anaerobic test (batrey test) yang meliputi lompat vertikal, sprint 30 meter dan cooper tes 2.4 km dapat digunakan dan efektif sebagai rangkaian metode dalam melakukan proses pencarian bakat dan pembinaan atlet muda di PPLP se-Pulau Jawa
Background: Sports science emphasizes the importance of measuring physical conditions in each branch of sport to determine the right training methods, which can be used by coaches in fostering athletes. The research intends to measure the physiological characteristics of PPLP young athletes in several priority sport branches in Indonesia, such as: Athletics, Pencak Silat and Taekwondo. Methods: In this study, all subjects took anthropometric measurements and physical conditions. Where in anthropometric measurements, including body weight, height, Body mass Index (BMI). Whereas in physical condition tests, measurements vertical jumps, sprint 30 meters, and cooper test 2.4 km. Results: This research successfully demonstrated quantitatively and qualitatively, the average value of anthropometry, aerobic endurance (VO2max), anaerobic endurance (vertical jump and sprint 30 meter) in athletes from the Taekwondo, Pencak Silat, and Athletics branches. In anthropometric measurements, only martial arts athletes (male and female), who have a height below the average normal value determined by WHO. While in anaerobic endurance measurement in the 30 meter sprint variable, only male athletes enter the normal range that has been set, while athletes in other sports do not enter the normal range. On the other hand, there are no average vertical jump results below the normal value, in the three sports that have been measured, both male and female in each branch. Meanwhile, the results of VO2max measurements also stated that all athletes (male and female) from the three sports that were measured had normal VO2max results and tended to be very good. This is evidenced by the absence of an average VO2max result which is below the predetermined normal range. Conclusion: These findings indicate that anthropometric profile measurement and the use of aerobic test screening exercises (cooper test 2.4), as well as anaerobic tests (batrey tests) which include vertical jumps and, 30 meter sprints can be used and effectively as a series of methods in the process of finding talent and coaching young athletes in PPLP throughout Java
Kata kunci: Aktivitas Fisik, Atlet, Cabang Olahraga, Antropometri, Kondisi Fisik.
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