Jurnal Teknik Sipil

Effect of D-Wall Penetration Depth on Hydraulic Stability in Deep Excavation for the Jakarta MRT Project under Different Excavation Scenarios

Yuamar Imarrazan Basarah — 2026-04-23

Abstract

Rapid urban growth has increased the need for underground space, often involving deep excavations in dense urban areas. Hydraulic stability becomes a key concern due to soft ground, high groundwater pressure, and nearby structures, factors that, if neglected, can cause excessive ground movement or failure. This paper examines how diaphragm wall (D-Wall) penetration depth affects three main hydraulic failure modes: basal heave, piping, and uplift. The study is based on a 22.4 m deep MRT station excavation in North-Central Jakarta area, surrounded by adjacent existing buildings. Finite element analyses were performed with CPTu-based soil parameters to evaluate safety factors under various embedment depths, wall stiffnesses, and excavation scenarios, including construction duration. The results show that the hydraulic stability for all failure modes increased with penetration depth ratio (Hp/He). A 1.0 m of wall thickness was found sufficient to ensure stability for a three-level excavation. Both predicted maximum deflection of approximately 44 mm and ground settlement of 40 mm remained within the serviceability limits. An empirical correlation between penetration depth and hydraulic stability is proposed for use in preliminary design. A minimum Hp/He of 1.65 is recommended to achieve overall hydraulic stability of the excavation with a minimum factor of safety of 1.5.

Keywords: Deep excavation, diaphragm wall, land Subsidence, wall deflection, stability, uplift.

Enhancing Infrastructure Reliability Through Risk Identi-fication: A FMEA-based Failure Analysis in Indonesian Road Construction

Jurnal Teknik Sipil — 2026-09-24

Abstract

The high failure rate of infrastructure projects, especially road construction projects in Indonesia, has reached an alarming level. The failure often originate during the planning, tendering, supervision, and construction phases. Many infrastructure projects fail to meet engineering standards and contracts requirement, leading to functional failures, reduced service life, safety issues, inconvenience, and high maintenance and operating costs. This paper presents a failure analysis using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) approach, which is based on root cause failure analysis to identify all potential failures and their impact on the reliability of infrastructure construction. The findings from this analysis can serve as a basis for decision making to improve construction quality, safety, and comfort while reducing maintenance and operation costs. The FMEA method has been successfully applied in the aviation industry to achieve a zero-accident program. The results of the study indicate that the main causes of construction failure are corrupt practices, incompetent planning consultants, and weak supervision. The results of FMEA, measured through the Risk Priority Number (RPN), allow project owners to identify components that need to be improved, prioritize changes, to increase infrastructure service life, safety, comfort, and infrastructure reliability according to the selected budget.

Keywords : FMEA, failure, infrastructure, risk analysis, reliability