Jurnal Teknik Sipil

Seismic Design and Risk Analyses of Safe-to-Fail Steel and RC Frames for Nuclear Facilities

Sindur P. Mangkoesoebroto, Shandy Rianto — Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract

In this article, the design and estimate of the collapse risk of safe-to-fail steel and reinforced concrete (RC) frames due to earthquakes were proposed. The frames are part of nuclear facility buildings, and their failures are to follow the safe-to-fail beam side-sway collapse mechanism. The safe-to-fail was dictated by allowing plastic hinges to form merely in beams and few in columns; no other failure but flexure was tolerated such as shear, local or lateraltorsional buckling. Two types of safe-to-fail frames were studied, one with special moment frame (SMF) and the other with ordinary moment frame (OMF). The design was elaborated, and the fragility-based collapse risks were estimated and compared. Nonlinear time history analyses were carried out to evaluate the structural performance. The analyses showed that the safe-to-fail OMF had lower collapse risk than the safe-to-fail SMF for both steel and concrete frames. The steel safe-to-fail OMF showed superior behaviours.

Keywords: Safe-to-fail; concrete and steel frames; fragility; collapse risk; earthquake; time history analysis.

Dynamic Analysis of Force Redistribution in Small Pile Groups Foundation Subjected to Accidental Lateral Loads

Reynaldo Nathaniel Wilmer, Widjojo Adi Prakoso — Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract

Designing infrastructure always involves considering potential loads. Beyond anticipated loads, accidental ones can occur, as with the Pedamaran II bridge in Riau, where a ship collision damaged its foundation, breaking a pile and cracking the pile cap. However, this did not lead to structural failure, even though over 30% of the piles in the group were damaged. Initial hypotheses suggest that the use of bracing in the existing bridge might have helped redistribute forces. A numerical model was created using Opensees to simulate lateral loading on the shaft of an elevated pile cap, comparing the effects of bracing and no bracing using elastic elements in a simple 2x2 foundation model. The aim was to understand the correct modeling approach for bracing behavior and its impact on load response. Pushover analysis was performed on one of the shafts, with eccentric loading generating forces in both the x and y axes. Results showed that modeling bracing with elastic elements helped evenly distribute forces across rows of piles, with the greatest distribution occurring in the loaded row. The maximum moment occurred at the lowest bracing connection, highlighting the crucial role of bracing in load distribution, and significantly increasing lateral capacity by about 60%.

The RaKJA Application for Designing Android the Based Road Section Performance

Rindu Twidi Bethary, Nanang Krisdianto, Nurul Fikri Ramadhan — Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract

Performance analysis of road sections is usually carried out on road sections that have the potential for high traffic jams, then perform performance calculations and obtain recommendations for problems on these road sections. However, currently it is still difficult to calculate road performance because it has to be done manually in the calculations and looking for the necessary factors. This research aims to create an application to assist in calculating the performance of Android-based roads more easily and flexibly, this application is called RAKJa (Road Performance Analysis Design) which will be published generally on the Google Play Store so that it can be used by anyone who needs it. This RAKJa application will be developed based on the Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines (PKJI 2014), this application gets results in the form of degree of saturation, level of service, average speed, delays and queue length automatically without needing to look for the required factors in the PKJI 2014 table. Application This RAKJa was created using the Game Maker Language programming language from the Game Maker Studio 2 developer. Calculation of road performance using the RAKJa application produces the same results as calculations carried out manually. Validating the accuracy of the application from previous research urban road performance data based on the PKJI 2014 and primary data obtained accurate results of 90%.

Studi Awal Amplifikasi Gerak Tanah Gempa untuk Universitas Indonesia (Depok)

Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract

This research is motivated by the frequent occurrence of earthquakes in Indonesia in recent years. Meanwhile, the common practice in determining soil and seismic parameters in Indonesia still heavily relies on various empirical studies. Therefore, this study aims to investigate soil and seismic parameters in Indonesia through the phenomenon of earthquake ground motion amplification, with a case study located at the University of Indonesia (Depok). The research methods employed include the analysis of earthquake recording data in the UI Forest at a depth of 300 meters, one-dimensional modeling using DEEPSOIL v7 software, and a comparative analysis of the ground motion recording results of the earthquake in Banten on January 14^th, 2022, with a magnitude of 6.6 (low strain) on the surface of UI Forest and FMIPA UI. The research results show visible oscillations at the end of the ground acceleration output and a spike in the peak ground acceleration (PGA) value at around 30 meters in the uppermost layer, with periods and spectral acceleration higher than the expected recorded values. This indicates that the soil modeled based on correlation is softer than anticipated. In other words, the soil is stiffer than previously assumed based on the established correlations.

Simulasi Surge Tsunami Dengan Metode Dam Break Menggunakan Reservoar Terbatas

Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract

The dam break method for simulating tsunami surges in the laboratory typically uses a sufficiently long flume, so that the upstream section of the flume, which serves as the reservoir, is also quite long. Using a long reservoir can provide a more extended simulation time for tsunami surge propagation on land, allowing the characteristics of the tsunami surge to be well observed. With a shorter flume, the reservoir space is also limited in length, and the simulation time for tsunami surge propagation is likewise constrained. This study aims to describe the characteristics of the simulated tsunami surge in comparison to the Chanson solution using a limited (short) reservoir. The tsunami surge simulation in a dry channel was conducted under the assumption of a limited reservoir with no bed slope. The water height in the reservoir varied from (d0) = 100 mm, 200 mm, 300 mm, and 400 mm, and the simulation was performed three times for each reservoir height. The tsunami surge simulation with downstream inundation was conducted similarly, but with an initial downstream inundation height of d1 = 100 mm and 150 mm, without initial velocity. The analysis results showed that the height and velocity of the tsunami surge from the simulation for both dry and inundated channels approached the results from Chanson's solution. This indicates that a limited flume length can be used to simulate tsunami surges with the dam break method, and that simulations with initial inundation can simulate the waveforms of undular bore and fully developed bore.

Correlation Analysis between Walking Permeability and Walking Effort (Case Study Terminals in Bandung City)

Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract

Bandung was chosen as a pilot area for Indonesian Mass Transit (MASTRAN) project to increase urban mobility and accessibility. With this MASTRAN project, public transportation nodes should be accessible by all modes, one of which is walking. However, in urban areas in Indonesia, walking activities are still not an option. According to some studies, this is caused by the lack of walking infrastructure and environment feasibility. Therefore, the quality of pedestrian infrastructure and environment must be improved to make these public transportation nodes easy for pedestrians to reach. In this case, walking permeability and walking effort assessment are chosen as tools to assess the pedestrian walkability. By doing these assessments, it is found that Kiaracondong Station has the largest average WPDI and WPTI values with values of 1.48 and 1.90 respectively. In addition, it is found that The South Bandung Station has the biggest walking effort index which value is 1.66. By analyzing both assessments, it can be concluded that the increase of WPDI tends to increase WPTI. Besides, it also can be concluded that stations have higher time increments than bus terminals due to an increase in the distance required for pedestrian access to the main terminal entrance.

Sifat Mekanis Kayu Salam Pada Kondisi Layan Basah

Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract

The abundance of salam wood on the island of Java is an attraction for its use as a construction material. However, there is not much scientific information regarding the mechanical properties of salam wood. This study aims to identify some of the main mechanical properties of salam wood with destructive tests referring to ASTM D143 including tests for static bending, compression parallel to the grain, compression perpendicular to the grain, and shear, as well as physical properties of wood including density, specific gravity, and moisture content. Salam wood with small test samples free of defects in wet and air dry service conditions referring to SNI 7973:2013. The stress value generated in each test by air dry wood has a greater value than that of wet wood. In general, the wet service factor of the test results is not in accordance with the SNI value, but the static bending test for both MOE and MOR produces values that are close to the values required by SNI. Wet service conditions have a significant effect on the strength value of wood.

Analisis Numerik Pengaruh Beban Hujan dan Gempa pada Stabilitas Lereng Tanah Tak Jenuh

Wilson Koven, Abdul Halim Hamdany — Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract

Rain and earthquake affect the stability of the slope. Rain results in infiltration on the slope which causes a decrease in negative pore water pressure on the slope and increases the groundwater level. Meanwhile, the seismic load from earthquake causes deformation on the slopes. Slope will experience even more critical condition if the effects of rain and earthquake are combined. This study aims to determine the influence of rain followed by earthquake on the stability of the unsaturated slope. This study consists of two stages of numerical analysis, which are seepage analysis to determine changes in pore water pressure on the slope and followed by non-linear time history dynamic analysis to calculate the deformation that occurs due to the ground motion. The soil-water characteristic curve from the field measurement will be incorporated in the upper layer of unsaturated soil and the Loma Prieta (1989) earthquake acceleration recording will be used. Six scenarios of rain followed by earthquake will be analyzed and compared, which are the scenario of rain intensity not changing for three days, the scenario of rain intensity gradually increasing and decreasing gradually, and the scenario of random rain intensity.

Analisis Perancangan Dinding Penahan Tanah Untuk Seawater Intake Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap

Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract

The handling of retaining walls in the PLTU seawater intake project is a crucial part in maintaining the stability of buildings below ground level. The retaining wall construction is selected based on the depth of excavation, soil type, the height of the Groundwater Table (GWT), and the load being retained. The lateral force calculation method uses Rankine and Coulomb theories with specified soil parameters. The case study was conducted at the seawater intake area of Java 9 & 10 Suralaya PLTU in Suralaya, Cilegon, Banten. The design process involved soil data interpretation, site class determination, and stability analysis using MIDAS GTS NX software. The retaining wall design is divided into two parts, using diaphragm walls and secant piles. The use of lateral reinforcement in the form of soil anchors is adjusted to the provisions of SNI 8460-2017. The design results show that the wall and anchor configurations meet the design criteria, with appropriate values of safety numbers and lateral deflections. However, the selection of Mohr-Coulomb soil model and pseudostatic earthquake analysis produced more conservative results. In conclusion, the retaining wall design proved to be effective in handling the lateral soil loads and pressures in the seawater intake PLTU project.

Analisis Walking Permeability, Walking Effort, dan Walkability Index, Studi Kasus Pada Jalan Braga Bandung

Stephanie Natali Putriana, R. D. A. Besya Fairdian, Ammar Asyraf — Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract

Human movement in Bandung is unavoidable, with traffic congestion and travel distance making walking a popular alternative. Ease of reaching a location is linked to walking distance and time, and route characteristics affect walking effort and accessibility. Jalan Braga is a high pedestrian area in Bandung. This study assesses walkability to Jalan Braga using Walking permeability, Walking Effort, and Walkability Index methods. Results show the highest walkability permeability values for distance and time are 1.81 on Route 4: Naripan Gas Station and 2.29 on Route 6: Bandung City Square. The highest walking effort value is 4362.50 on Route 6: Bandung City Square. The best and worst walkability index values are for Route 6: Bandung City Square and Route 3: Lautze 2 Mosque, respectively.

Penentuan Indikator Pengukuran dan Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Konstruksi (Studi Kasus: PT. X (Persero) Tbk)

Ima Fatima, Whenny Medeline, Fitratul Ikhsan — Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract

Infrastructure development plays a crucial role in economic growth in Indonesia. Despite the high demand for infrastructure, it does not guarantee that construction companies in Indonesia can sustain financially or non-financially because the construction industry is vulnerable to financial risks. This was evident during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, where there was a 5.66% decrease in the number of construction companies due to economic slowdown. This correlates with the poor financial performance of construction companies in Indonesia, as seen in one of the state-owned construction companies in Indonesia, which has significant liabilities compared to other state-owned enterprises. Decreases in financial performance can occur in every company if they do not have effective financial management. Therefore, each company needs to implement effective financial performance management by determining appropriate performance measurement indicators and analyzing financial performance to assess the financial health of the company. The research was conducted at PT. X (Persero) Tbk., a state-owned construction company in Indonesia. This research aims to determine the procedure for identifying financial performance indicators, establish these financial performance indicators, and analyze the company's financial performance. The procedure for identifying financial performance indicators was obtained through a literature review and validated through interviews with the company. Subsequently, the financial performance analysis was carried out using financial ratio analysis and the weighting of financial ratio values based on Keputusan Menteri BUMN Nomor Kep-100/MBU/2002, resulting in an assessment of the company's financial health. The analysis results indicate that the financial health of PT. X (Persero) Tbk. fluctuates and is influenced by both internal and external factors.

Kajian Eksploratori Hubungan Praktik Komunikasi dan Hasil Proyek Konstruksi di Sumatera Barat

Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Communication management is considered as an important factor related to performance improvement in construction projects. This study aims to identify and determine communication management practices (CMP) in construction projects correlated to project outcomes (PO). Data were obtained from 209 questionnaires distributed to contractors and consultants in the West Sumatra province. The research questionnaire was divided into two components the respondent's profile and four PMK factors, namely Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Communication Skills and Competence (CSC), Communication Management Plan (CMP) and Team Work (TW). Each factor has 4-5 statement items. In terms of project results, it was seen from the project scope, cost, time, quality and safety level. Data were analyzed using Principle Axis Factoring (PAF). The next analysis was the Spearman correlation to evaluate the relationship between each CMP factor and PO. The results showed that there was a strong positive correlation between the three CMP factors (ICT, CSC and TW) and PO. Conversely, no relationship was found between the CMP factor and PO. The may not be fully generalized due to some limitations. However, it helps construction practitioners to recognize the communication aspects that could be improved and strengthened to increase performance of the project.

Analisis Kinerja Komposit Hibrid Aerated Autoclaved Concrete Panel – Lapisan Beton Bertulang Terhadap Lentur

Irwan Nuryana Ferryana, Sumargo Sumargo, Mardiana Oesman — Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract

Aerated Autoclaved Concrete (AAC) precast panels are designed for 400kg/m2 loads. Installation of AAC panels is usually added an additional layer on the top surface as protection. The reinforced concrete layer on top of the AAC panels is often defined as super dead load. However theoretically, the additional layer can increase the strength and stiffness of the panels, provided that both layers work in a monolithic composite. Thus, the layer also functions as a structural component. However, it needs research to convince it. The study is used a fullscale experimental method using 1970x600x125mm AAC panels. The variables are the thickness of the concrete layer and the method of installing shear connectors. Variations of the thickness layers are 30,40, and 50mm with a compressive strength 24.5MPa. The concrete layer is reinforced by D6mm wiremesh 150mm spacing. Shear connectors are made of D6mm deformed rebar, 200mm spacing with two variations: welded and unwelded. Panels are loaded with flexural loads monotonically, using the third-point loading method. The results of the flexural test show that due to the reinforced concrete layer on the ACC panel, the load at the first crack and ultimate increased around 28-89%, and 33-109% respectively, and stiffness 174.70% until 363.31%.

Stabilisasi Tanah Lunak Menggunakan Lumpur Bledug Kuwu dan Larutan Asam Fosfat Ditinjau Dari Nilai Kuat Tekan Bebas

Arief Budi Winarno, S. Syahril — Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract

Soft soils with low bearing capacity are a major problem in construction that can lead to failures, such as road damage, building tilts, and bridge collapses. This research aims to improve the bearing capacity of soft soil in Gedebage, Bandung, using a soil stabilization method with Bledug Kuwu mud (LBK) and phosphoric acid solution (LAF). Bledug Kuwu mud was selected due to its chemical composition, which is similar to fly ash and volcanic ash, particularly in terms of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃ content. Phosphoric acid, though rarely used in construction, was chosen for its potential as an effective soil stabilizing agent. The research methodology involved collecting native soil samples from Gedebage and conducting physical and mechanical property tests at the Geotechnical Laboratory of Bandung State Polytechnic. The test results indicated that the optimum mixture of 15% LBK and 10% LAF successfully reduced the soil's Plasticity Index (PI) by 73.91%, from 46% to 12%. In addition, the unconfined compressive strength (qu) increased by 35% compared to the native soil, with a qu value of 1.02 kg/cm² and cohesion (c) of 0.51 kg/cm², indicating an improvement in soil consistency to the "stiff" category. These results demonstrate that the combination of LBK and LAF effectively enhances the bearing capacity of soft soils, offering an innovative solution for subgrade soil improvement and supporting the development of higher-quality infrastructure in Indonesia.