OPTIMASI RASIO SOLID/LIQUID PADA TEKNIK SOIL WASHING TANAH TERKONTAMINASI MINYAK DARI PROSES EKSPLORASI MINYAK BUMI
Abstract
Abstrak: Salah satu alternatif teknik pengolahan tanah terkontaminasi minyak dengan remediasi secara fisik dan kimia adalah dengan teknik soil washing. Soil washing adalah proses reduksi volume atau miniminasi limbah dimana partikel tanah yang mengandung mayoritas kontaminan dipisahkan dari fraksi bulk tanah, atau kontaminan disisihkan dari tanah dengan larutan kimia dan di-recovery dari larutan dalam bentuk substrat padat. Kajian awal yang dilakukan untuk menerapkan teknik soil washing adalah karakteristik tanah tercemar minyak yaitu analisa Oil and Grease, TPH, GCMS, grain size, dan XRD. Tanah dengan tekstur sand, loam dan sandy loam yang mengandung TPH dengan persentase 2,34%, 1,61% dan 4,48% secara berurutan akan diolah dengan teknik soil washing menggunakan surfaktan Tween 80 dan rasio solid/liquid yang sesuai. Hasil variasi konsentrasi larutan surfaktan menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi surfaktan optimum dalam penyisihan TPH dari ketiga tekstur tanah adalan 0,25% untuk tanah sand, 1% untuk tanah loam dan 0,5% untuk tanah sandy loam. Sedangkan rasio solid/liquid optimum adalah 1:15 (gr/ml) untuk ketiga tekstur tanah. Penyisihan TPH yang tercapai dengan pengadukan selama 10 jam dari masing-masing tekstur tanah adalah 85,32% pada tanah sand, 47,65% pada tanah loam, dan 72,94% pada tanah sandy loam. Koefisien distribusi (Kd) TPH setelah proses soil washing tanah sand, loam dan sandy loam adalah 0,388 g/ml, 0,071 g/ml, dan 0,180 g/ml.
Kata Kunci: soil washing, surfaktan, rasio solid/liquid, tangki berpengaduk
Abstract: Among alternative technique for remediation of contaminated soil is chemical and phsycal technique that is soil washing. soil washing is a volume reduction/waste minimization treatment process where those soil particles which "host" the majority of the contamination are separated from the bulk soil fractions, or contaminants are removed from the soil by aqueous chemicals and recovered from solution on a solid substrate. Pre-study for application of soil washing is examination of soil characteristics including Oil and Grease, TPH, GCMS, grain size and XRD analysis. Sand, Loam, and Sandy Loam with TPH consentration of 2.34%, 1.61% and 4.48% respectively will be treated using Tween 80 surfactant enhanced soil washing method and optimum solid/liquid ratio. Variation in surfactant solution resulting the optimum surfactant concentration of 0.25% for sand, 1% for loam, and 0.5% for sandy loam. Meanwhile optimum solid/liquid ratio for the soils are 1:15 (gr/ml). TPH removal achieved after agitation for 10 hours of three types of soil are 85.32% for sand, 47.65% for loam, dan 72.94% for sandy loam. TPH distribution coefficient (Kd) after soil washing of sand, loam and sandy loam were 0,388 g/ml, 0,071 g/ml, and 0,180 g/ml respectively.
Keyword: soil washing, surfactant, solid/liquid ratio, agitated vessel
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