Quantitative Analysis of Interfacial Area on Liquid-liquid Multiphase Flow of Transesterification Process in Cross-junction Microchannel Reactor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2019.51.4.9Keywords:
biofuel, droplet flow, intensification, microfluidic, microreactorAbstract
Key advantage of microfluidic technology in chemical processing is the high interfacial area which is especially important factors in multiphase reaction. The multiphase reaction like transesterification of vegetable oil and methanol to produce biodiesel are largely dependent on interfacial area for better mass transfer. However, little attentions have been given to the hydrodynamic factor which affects the interfacial area in a microchannel. In this study, the interfacial area from the droplet flow regime was studied by varying the parameter of methanol to oil ratio (M/O), total flow rate (QTotal) and catalyst concentration. The droplet flow was created by a cross-junction channel and photos were made to measure the size of the droplets with help of microscope. The maximum M/O ratio of 23 and lowest flow rate of 10 μL/min exhibited the highest interfacial area, where increasing M/O by 67% could increase the interfacial area by 23%. By varying the KOH catalyst concentration, the change in the interfacial area was very small, hence showing the lowest impact on the interfacial area of the droplet. Therefore, further analysis must be performed to investigate the impact of interfacial area and mass transfer coefficient on the reaction performance to produce highest yield of biodiesel in microchannel reactor.References
Banerjee, R., Kumar, S.P.J., Mehendale, N., Sevda, S. & Garlapati, V.K., Intervention of Microfluidics in Biofuel and Bioenergy Sectors: Technological Considerations and Future Prospects, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 101, pp. 548-558, Dec. 2018.
Tiwari, A., Rajesh, V.M. & Yadav, S., Biodiesel Production in Micro-reactors: A Review, Energy for Sustainable Development, 43, pp. 143-161, Jan. 2018.
Rashid, W.N.W.A., Uemura, Y., Kusakabe, K., Osman, N.B. & Abdullah, B., Transesterification of Palm Oil in a Millichannel Reactor, J. Japan Inst. Energy, 92(9), pp. 905-908, 2013.
Rashid, W.N.W.A., Uemura, Y., Kusakabe, K., Osman, N.B. & Abdullah, B., Synthesis of Biodiesel from Palm Oil in Capillary Millichannel Reactor: Effect of Temperature, Methanol to Oil Molar Ratio, and KOH Concentration on FAME Yield, Procedia Chem., 9, pp. 165-171, 2014.
M. F. Jamil, Y. Uemura, K. Kusakabe, O. B. Ayodele, N. Osman, N. M. A Majid, and S. Yusup, Transesterification of Mixture of Castor Oil and Sunflower Oil in Millichannel Reactor: FAME Yield and Flow Behaviour, Procedia Eng., 148, pp. 378-384, 2016.
Rahimi, M., Mohammadi, F., Basiri, M., Parsamoghadam, M.A. & Masahi, M.M., Transesterification of Soybean Oil in Four-Way Micro-mixers for Biodiesel Production using a Cosolvent, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 64, pp. 203-210, 2016.
Rahimi, M., Aghel, B., Alitabar, M., Sepahvand, A. & Ghasempour, H.R., Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Soybean Oil in a Microreactor, Energy Convers. Manag., 79, pp. 599-605, 2014.
Tanawannapong, Y. Kaewchada, A. & Jaree, A., Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil in a Microtube Reactor, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 19(1), pp. 37-41, 2013.
Aghel, B., Rahimi, M., Sepahvand, A., Alitabar, M. & Ghasempour, H.R., Using a Wire Coil Insert for Biodiesel Production Enhancement in a Microreactor, Energy Convers. Manag., 84, pp. 541-549, 2014.
Yang, L., M. Nieves-Remacha, J. & Jensen, K.F., Simulations and Analysis of Multiphase Transport and Reaction in Segmented Flow Microreactors, Chem. Eng. Sci., 169, pp. 106-116, 2017.
Garstecki, P., Fuerstman, M.J., Stone, H.A. & Whitesides, G.M., Forma- tion of Droplets and Bubbles in a Microfluidic T-Junction-Scaling and Mechanism of Break-Up, Lab Chip, 6(3), pp. 437-446, 2006.
Xu, J.H., Li, S.W., Tan, J. & Luo, G.S., Correlations of Droplet Formation in T-Junction Microfluidic Devices: From Squeezing to Dripping, Microfluid. Nanofluidics, 5(6), pp. 711-717, 2008.