Enhancement of Chlorella vulgaris Biomass Cultivated in POME Medium as Biofuel Feedstock under Mixotrophic Conditions

M.M. Azimatun Nur; H. Hadiyanto

doi:10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2015.47.5.2

Authors

M.M. Azimatun Nur Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Industrial Technology, UPN Veteran Yogyakarta Jl. SWK 104 Condongcatur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55283
H. Hadiyanto Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto S.H., Tembalang, Semarang 50275,

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2015.47.5.2

Abstract

Microalgae cultivated in mixotrophic conditions have received significant attention as a suitable source of biofuel feedstock, based on their high biomass and lipid productivity. POME is one of the wastewaters generated from palm oil mills, containing important nutrients that could be suitable for mixotrophic microalgae growth. The aim of this research was to identify the growth of Chlorella vulgaris cultured in POME medium under mixotrophic conditions in relation to a variety of organic carbon sources added to the POME mixture. The research was conducted with 3 different carbon sources (D-glucose, crude glycerol and NaHCO₃) in 40% POME, monitored over 6 days, under an illumination of 3000 lux, and with pH=7. The biomass was harvested using an autoflocculation method and dry biomass was extracted using an ultrasound method in order to obtain the lipid content. The results show that C. vulgaris using D-glucose as carbon source gained a lipid productivity of 195 mg/l/d.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Rupani, P.F., Singh, R.P., Ibrahim, M.H. & Esa Norizan, Review of Current Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment Methods: Vermicomposting as a Sustainable Practice, World Applied Sciences Journal, 11, pp. 70-81, 2010.

Indriyati, Potensi Limbah Industri Kelapa Sawit di Indonesia, M. Tek. Ling., 4(1), pp. 93-103,2008.

Anonym, Energy Use Kg of Oil Equivalent Per Capita in Indonesia, http://www.tradingeconomics.com/indonesia/energy-use-kg-of-oil-equivalent-per-capita-wb-data.html, (7 March 2013).

Nur, M.M.A. & Hadiyanto, H., Utilization of Agroindustry Wastewater as Growth Medium for Microalgae Based Bioenergy Feedstock in Indonesia (An Overview), J. Sustain., 1, pp. 3-7,2013.

Hadiyanto, H. & Nur, M.M.A., Potential of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) as Medium Growth of Chlorella sp for Bioenergy Production, Int. J. Env. Bioenerg, 3(2), pp. 67-74, 2012.

USDA, US Fertilizer Use and Price, USDA, http://www.ers.usda.gov/ Data/FertilizerUse, (1 March 2010).

Liang, Y., Sarkany, N. & Cui, Y., Biomass and Lipid Productivities of Chlorella Vulgaris under Autotrophic, Heterotrophic, and Mixotrophic Growth Condition, Biotechnol. Lett., 31, pp. 1043-1049, 2009.

Abreu, AP., Fernandes, B., Antonio, A., Vicente, J.T. & Dragone, G., Mixotrophic Cultivation of Chlorella Vulgaris Using Industrial Dairy Waste as Organic Carbon Source, Bioresour. Technol., 118, pp. 61-66, 2012.

Cheirsilp, B. & Torpee, S., Enhanced Growth and Lipid Production of Microalgae Under Mixotrophic Culture Condition: Effect of Light Intensity, Glucose Concentration and Fed-Batch Cultivation, Bioresour. Technol., 110, pp. 510-516, 2010.

Perez-Garcia, O., Escalante, FME., de-Bashan, LE. & Bashan, Y. Heterotrophic Cultures of Microalgae: Metabolism and Potential Products (Review), Water Res., 45, pp.11-36, 2011.

Heredia-Arroyo, T., Wei, W., Ruan, R. & Hu, B., Mixotrophic Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris and Its Potential Application for The Oil Accumulation from Non-Sugar Materials, Biomass Bioenerg., 35(22), pp. 45-53, 2011.

Hadiyanto, H. & Nur, M.M.A., Lipid Extraction of Microalga Chlorella sp. Cultivated in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Medium, World. Appl. Sci. J., 31(5), pp. 959-967, 2014.

Gusrina, Budidaya Ikan untuk Sekolam Menengah Kejuruan, Ed. 3, Depdiknas, 2008.

Vandamme, D., Fourbert, I., Fraeye, I. & Muylaert, K., Influence of Organic Matter Generated by Chlorella Vulgaris on Five Different Modes of Flocculation, Bioresour. Technol., 124, pp. 508-51, 2012.

Wiyarno, B., Yunus, R.M. & Mel, M., Ultrasound Extraction Assisted (UEA) of oil from Microalgae (Nannochloropsis sp), Int. J. Sci. Eng., 3(1), pp. 55-59, 2010.

Wan, M., Liu, P., Xia, J., Rosenberg, J.N., Oyler, G.A., Betenbaugh, M.J., Nie, Z. & Qiu, G., The Effect of Mixotrophy on Microalgal Growth, Lipid Content, and Expression Levels of Three Pathway Genes In Chlorella Sorokiniana, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 91, pp. 835-844, 2011.

Griffiths, D.J., Thresher, C.L. & Street, H.E., The Heterotrophic Nutrition of Chlorella Vulgaris, Ann. Bot., 24, pp. 1-11, 1960.

Schmidt, R.A., Wiebe, M.G. & Eriksen, N.T., Heterotrophic High Cell-Density Fed-Batch Cultures of The Phycocyanin-Producing Red Alga Galdieria Sulphuria, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 90, pp. 7-84, 2005.

Wen, Z-Y. & Chen, F., Heterotrophic Production of Eicosapentaenoic Acid by Diatom Nitzschia Laevis Effects of Silicate and Glucose, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 25, pp. 218-244, 2000.

Brennan, L. & Owende, P., Biofuels from Microalgae-Review of Technologies for Production, Processing, and Extraction of Technologies of Biofuels and Co-Products, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 14, pp. 557-577, 2010.

Bhatnagar, A., Chinnasamy, S., Singh, M. & Das, K.C., Renewable Biomass Production by Mixotrophic Alge in The Poresence of Various Carbon Source and Wastewater, Appl. Energ., 88, pp. 3425-3431, YEAR.

Zhou, W., Min, M., Li, Y., Hu, B., Ma, X., Cheng, Y. & Liu, Y., A Hetero-photoautotrophic Two-Stage Cultivation Process to Improce Wastewater Nutrient Removal and Enhance Algal Lipid Accumulation, Biores. Technol., 110, pp. 448-455, 2012.

Cheron Garcia, M.C., Fernandez Sevilla, J.M., Acien Fernandez, F.G., Molina Grima, E. & Garcia C.F., Mixotrophic Growth Of Phaeodactylum Tricornutum On Glycerol: Growth Rate And Fatty Acid Profile, J. Appl. Phycol., 12, pp. 239-248, 2000.

Widjaja, A., Chien, C.-C., & Ju, Y.-H.., Study of Increasing Lipid Production from Fresh Water Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris, J. Taiwan Institute of Chem Eng., 40, pp. 13-20, 2009.

Wang, L., Li, Y., Chen, P., Min, M., Chen, Y., Zhu, J. & Ruan, R.R., Anaerobic digested dairy manure as a nutrient supplement for cultivation of oil-rich green microalgae Chlorella sp. Bioresour. Technol. 101, pp. 2623-2628, 2010.

Xue, F., Miao, J., Zhang, X. & Tan, T., A New Strategy for Lipid Production by Mix Cultivation of Spirulina Plantensis and Rhodotorula Glutinis, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 160, pp. 498-503, 2010.

Yujie, F., Li, C. & Zhang, D., Lipid Production of Chlorella Vulgaris Cultured in Artificial Wastewater Medium, Bioresour. Technol., 102, pp. 101-105, 2011.

Cho, S., Luong, T.T., Lee, D., Oh, Y.K., & Lee, T., Reuse of Effluent Water from A Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Microalgae Cultivation For Biofuel Production, Bioresour. Technol., pp. 1-7, 2011.