Assessment of Small-Scale Microplastics Abundance and Characterization in Urban River: A Case Study in Metro River, Indonesia

Riyanto Haribowo; Prasetyo Rubiantoro; Arriel Fadhilah; Zefanya Alovy Petra Denindya; Yunike Ayu Kristanti; Wahyu Rismiati; Muhammad Aulia Arsal

doi:10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.2.6

Authors

Riyanto Haribowo Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan MT. Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia
Prasetyo Rubiantoro Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan MT. Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia
Arriel Fadhilah Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan MT. Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia
Zefanya Alovy Petra Denindya Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan MT. Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia
Yunike Ayu Kristanti Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan MT. Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia
Wahyu Rismiati Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan MT. Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia
Muhammad Aulia Arsal Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan MT. Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.2.6

Keywords:

abundance, characteristic, freshwater, land use, microplastic

Abstract

Microplastic pollution is a pressing environmental concern with detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. This study aimed to investigate microplastic contamination in a rapidly urbanizing area along a river and to examine the spatial distribution of microplastic abundance across the study area based on land use type. Seven sampling points were selected along the study site and microplastic samples were extracted using density separation and wet peroxidation (WPO) methods. The characteristics of the microplastic particles, including size, color, shape, and abundance, were analyzed to understand their properties. The results indicated that the microplastic abundance values ranged from 28.33 to 133.00 particles/liter, with an average of 73.55 particles/liter. Small microplastic particles (SMP), with sizes ranging from 1 ?m to 1 mm, along with fragment shapes, and clear colors were predominant in the study area. A generalized additive model was utilized to assess the relationship between land use and microplastic abundance. The model demonstrated a significant influence of built-up areas on the presence of microplastics (p-value<0.05), with an r² value of 0.76. Residential areas near the river were identified as the likely primary sources of the microplastics.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

MacArthur, E., Beyond Plastic Waste, Science, 358 (6365), pp. 843-843, Nov. 2017. doi: 10.1126/science.aao6749.

Geyer, R., Jambeck, J.R. & Law, K.L., Production, Use, and Fate of All Plastics Ever Made, Sci. Adv., 3 (7), pp. 3-8, Jul. 2017. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1700782.

van Emmerik, T., Kieu-Le, T.-C., Loozen, M., van Oeveren, K., Strady, E., Bui, X.-T., Egger, M., Gasperi, J., Lebreton, L., Nguyen, P.-D., Schwarz, A., Slat, B. & Tassin, B., A Methodology to Characterize Riverine Macroplastic Emission into the Ocean, Front. Mar. Sci., 5 (372), pp. 1-11, Oct. 2018. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00372.

Lebreton, L.C.M., van der Zwet, J., Damsteeg, J.-W., Slat, B., Andrady, A. & Reisser, J., River Plastic Emissions to the World?s Oceans, Nat. Commun., 8 (1) pp. 1?10, 2017. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15611.

Arthur, C., Baker, J. & Bamford, H.E., Proceedings of the International Research Workshop on the Occurrence , Effects , and Fate of Microplastic Marine Debris, Proceedings of the International Research Workshop, s.l., NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS-OR&R-30, 530, 2009.

Botterell, Z.L.R., Bergmann, M., Hildebrandt, N., Krumpen, T., Steinke, M., Thompson, R.C. & Lindeque, P. K., Microplastic Ingestion in Zooplankton from the Fram Strait in the Arctic, Sci. Total Environ., 831 (154886), 154886, Jul. 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154886.

Fueser, H., Mueller, M.-T. & Traunspurger, W., Ingestion of Microplastics by Meiobenthic Communities in Small-scale Microcosm Experiments, Sci. Total Environ., 746, 141276, Dec. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141276.

Aytan, U., Esensoy, F.B. & Senturk, Y., Microplastic Ingestion and Egestion by Copepods in the Black Sea, Sci. Total Environ., 806 (150921), 150921, Feb. 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150921.

Sainio, E., Lehtiniemi, M. & Set O., Microplastic Ingestion by Small Coastal Fish in the Northern Baltic Sea, Finland, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 172, 112814, Nov. 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112814.

Tongo, I. & Erhunmwunse, N.O., Effects of Ingestion of Polyethylene Microplastics on Survival Rate, Opercular Respiration Rate and Swimming Performance of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus), J. Hazard. Mater., 423, 127237, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127237.

Uurasjvi, E., Sainio, E., Set O., Lehtiniemi, M. & Koistinen, A., Validation of an Imaging FTIR Spectroscopic Method for Analyzing Microplastics Ingestion by Finnish lake fish (Perca fluviatilis and Coregonus albula), Environ. Pollut., 288, 117780, Nov. 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117780.

Aiguo, Z., Di, S., Chong, W., Yuliang, C., Shaolin, X., Peiqin, L., Guohuan, X., Huijuan, T. & Jixing, Z., Characteristics and Differences of Microplastics Ingestion for Farmed Fish with Different Water Depths, Feeding Habits and Diets, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 10 (2), 107189, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2022.107189.

Hankins, C., Raimondo, S. & Lasseigne, D., Microplastic Ingestion by Coral as a Function of the Interaction between Calyx and Microplastic Size, Sci. Total Environ., 810, 152333, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152333.

Hankins, C., Duffy, A. & Drisco, K., Scleractinian Coral Microplastic Ingestion: Potential Calcification Effects, Size Limits, and Retention, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 135, pp. 587-593, Oct. 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.067.

Caldwell, A., Brander, S., Wiedenmann, J., Clucas, G. & Craig, E., Incidence of Microplastic Fiber Ingestion by Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) and Roseate Terns (S. dougallii) Breeding in the Northwestern Atlantic, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 177, 113560, November 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113560.

de Souza, S.S., Freitas, N., Gonlves, S.D.O., Luz, T.M. da, Arao, A.P. da C., Rajagopal, R., Balasubramani, G., Rahman, M.M. & Malafaia, G., Toxicity Induced via Ingestion of Naturally-aged Polystyrene Microplastics by a Small-sized Terrestrial Bird and Its Potential Role as Vectors for the Dispersion of These Pollutants, J. Hazard. Mater., 434, 128814, Jul. 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128814.

Amato-Louren, L.F., Carvalho-Oliveira, R., Jior, G.R., dos Santos Galv, L., Ando, R.A. & Mauad, T., Presence of Airborne Microplastics in Human Lung Tissue, J. Hazard. Mater., 416, 126124, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126124.

Jenner, L.C., Rotchell, J.M., Bennett, R.T., Cowen, M., Tentzeris, V. & Sadofsky, L.R., Detection of Microplastics in Human Lung Tissue using ?FTIR Spectroscopy, Sci. Total Environ., 831, 154907, Jul. 2022. doi: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.154907.

Leslie, H.A., van Velzen, J.M., Brandsma, S.H., Vethaak, D.A., Garcia-Vallejo, J.J. & Lamoree, M.H., Discovery and Quantification of Plastic Particle Pollution in Human Blood, Environ. Int., 163, 107199, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107199.

Zhang, N., Li, Y. Bin, He, H.R., Zhang, J.F. & Ma, G.S., You are What You Eat: Microplastics in the Feces of Young Men Living in Beijing, Sci. Total Environ., 767, 144345, May 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144345.

Laskar, N. & Kumar, U., Plastics and Microplastics: A Threat to Environment, Environ. Technol. Innov., 14, 100352, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.eti.2019.100352.

Leslie, H.A. & Depledge, M.H., Where is the Evidence that Human Exposure to Microplastics is Safe?, Environ. Int., 142, 105807, Sep. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105807.

Siegfried, M., Koelmans, A.A., Besseling, E. & Kroeze, C., Export of Microplastics from Land to Sea. A Modelling Approach, Water Res., 127, pp. 249-257, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.011.

Bian, P., Liu, Y., Zhao, K., Hu, Y., Zhang, J., Kang, L. & Shen, W., Spatial Variability of Microplastic Pollution on Surface of Rivers in a Mountain-plain Transitional Area: A Case Study in the Chin Ling-Wei River Plain, China, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 232, 113298, Mar. 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113298.

Kabir, A.H.M.E., Sekine, M., Imai, T., Yamamoto, K., Kanno, A. & Higuchi, T., Assessing Small-scale Freshwater Microplastics Pollution, Land-use, Source-to-sink Conduits, and Pollution Risks: Perspectives from Japanese Rivers Polluted with Microplastics, Sci. Total Environ., 768, 144655, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144655.

Baldwin, A.K., Corsi, S.R. & Mason, S.A., Plastic Debris in 29 Great Lakes Tributaries: Relations to Watershed Attributes and Hydrology, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50 (19), pp. 10377-10385, Oct. 2016. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02917.

Zhang, Y., Peng, Y., Xu, S., Zhang, S., Zhou, G., Yang, J., Li, H. & Zhang, J., Distribution Characteristics of Microplastics in Urban Rivers in Chengdu City: The Influence of Land-use Type and Population and Related suggestions, Sci. Total Environ., 846, 157411, Nov. 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157411.

Campanale, C., Massarelli, C., Bagnuolo, G., Savino, I. & Uricchio, V.F., The Problem of Microplastics and Regulatory Strategies in Italy, Handb. Environ. Chem., 112, pp. 255-276, 2022. doi: 10.1007/698_2019_419.

Suzuki, G., Uchida, N., Tuyen, L.H., Tanaka, K., Matsukami, H., Kunisue, T., Takahashi, S., Viet, P.H., Kuramochi, H. & Osako, M., Mechanical Recycling of Plastic Waste as a Point Source of Microplastic Pollution, Environ. Pollut., 303, 119114, Jun. 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119114.

Meijer, L.J.J., van Emmerik, T., van der Ent, R., Schmidt, C. & Lebreton, L., More than 1000 Rivers Account for 80% of Global Riverine Plastic Emissions into the Ocean, Sci. Adv., 7 (18), pp. 1-14, 2021. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz5803.

Jeong, H., Novirsa, R., Nugraha, W. C., Addai-arhin, S., Dinh, Q. P., Fukushima, S., Fujita, E., Bambang, W., Kameda, Y., Ishibashi, Y. & Arizono, K., The distributions of microplastics (MPs) in the Citarum River Basin, West Java, Indonesia, J. Environ. Saf., 12 (2), pp. 33-43, 2021. doi: 10.11162/daikankyo.E21RP0102.

Lestari, P., Trihadiningrum, Y., Wijaya, B.A., Yunus, K.A. & Firdaus, M., Distribution of Microplastics in Surabaya River, Indonesia, Sci. Total Environ., 726, 138560, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138560.

Haji, A.T.S., Rahadi, B. & Firdausi, N.T., Analysis of Abundance Microplastic in Surface Water in Metro River , Malang, J. Sumberd. Alam dan Lingkung., 8 (2), pp. 74-84, 2021. (Text in Indonesian and Abstract in English)

Buwono, N.R., Risjani, Y. & Soegianto, A., Distribution of Microplastic in Relation to Water Quality Parameters in the Brantas River, East Java, Indonesia, Environ. Technol. Innov., 24, 101915, Nov. 2021.doi: 10.1016/j.eti.2021.101915.

Sulistyowati, L., Nurhasanah, Riani, E. & Cordova, M.R., The Occurrence and Abundance of Microplastics in Surface Water of the Midstream and Downstream of the Cisadane River, Indonesia, Chemosphere, 291 (P3), 133071, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133071.

Xu, Y., Chan, F.K.S., Johnson, M., Stanton, T., He, J., Jia, T., Wang, J., Wang, Z., Yao, Y., Yang, J., Liu, D., Xu, Y. & Yu, X., Microplastic Pollution in Chinese Urban Rivers: The Influence of Urban Factors, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 173, 105686, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105686.

Lahens, L., Strady, E., Kieu-Le, T.-C., Dris, R., Boukerma, K., Rinnert, E., Gasperi, J. & Tassin, B., Macroplastic and Microplastic Contamination Assessment of a Tropical River (Saigon River, Vietnam) Transversed by a Developing Megacity, Environ. Pollut., 236, pp. 661-671, May 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.005.

BPS-Statistic Indonesia, Malang City in Numbers, Statistics Indonesia, 2022. (Text in Indonesian)

Barrows, A.P.W., Christiansen, K.S., Bode, E.T. & Hoellein, T.J., A Watershed-scale, Citizen Science Approach to Quantifying Microplastic Concentration in a Mixed Land-use River, Water Res., 147, pp. 382-392, Dec. 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.013.

Masura, J., Baker, J., Foster, G. & Arthur, C., Laboratory Methods for the Analysis of Microplastics in the Marine Environment, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2015.

Naji, A., Nuri, M., Amiri, P. & Niyogi, S., Small microplastic particles (S-MPPs) in Sediments of Mangrove Ecosystem on the Northern Coast of the Persian Gulf, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 146, pp. 305-311, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.033.

Kabir, A.H.M.E., Sekine, M., Imai, T., Yamamoto, K., Kanno, A. & Higuchi, T., Microplastics in the Sediments of Small-scale Japanese Rivers: Abundance and Distribution, Characterization, Sources-to-sink, and Ecological Risks, Sci. Total Environ., 812, 152590, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152590.

Wu, C., Zhang, K., & Xiong, X., Microplastic Pollution in Inland Waters Focusing on Asia, in Water research, 137, 2018, pp. 85?99.

Free, C.M., Jensen, O.P., Mason, S.A., Eriksen, M., Williamson, N.J. & Boldgiv, B., High-levels of Microplastic Pollution in a Large, Remote, Mountain Lake, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 85(1), pp. 156-163, Aug. 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.001.

Wood, S.N., Generalized additive models: An Introduction with R, Second edition, 2017.

Alam, F.C., Sembiring, E., Muntalif, B.S. & Suendo, V., Microplastic Distribution in Surface Water and sediment river around slum and industrial area (case study: Ciwalengke River, Majalaya District, Indonesia), Chemosphere, 224, pp. 637?645, Jun. 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.188.

Han, M., Niu, X., Tang, M., Zhang, B.T., Wang, G., Yue, W., Kong, X. & Zhu, J., Distribution of Microplastics in Surface Water of the Lower Yellow River Near Estuary, Sci. Total Environ., 707, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135601.

Huang, D., Li, X., Ouyang, Z., Zhao, X., Wu, R., Zhang, C., Lin, C., Li, Y. & Guo, X., The Occurrence and Abundance of Microplastics in Surface Water and Sediment of the West River Downstream, in the South of China, Sci. Total Environ., 756, 143857, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143857.

Wijaya, B.A. & Trihadiningrum, Y., Meso- and Microplastics pollution in Surabaya River on Driyorejo to Karang Pilang Segment, J. Tek. ITS, 8 (2), pp. 211-216, 2019. (Text in Indonesian and Abstract in English)

Woodall, L.C., Gwinnett, C., Packer, M., Thompson, R.C., Robinson, L.F. & Paterson, G.L.J., Using a Forensic Science Approach to Minimize Environmental Contamination and to Identify Microfibres in Marine Sediments, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 95, (1), pp. 40-46, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.044.

Foekema, E.M., De Gruijter, C., Mergia, M.T., Van Franeker, J.A., Murk, A.J. & Koelmans, A.A., Plastic in North Sea Fish, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47 (15), pp. 8818?8824, 2013, doi: 10.1021/es400931b.

McCormick, A., Hoellein, T.J., Mason, S.A., Schluep, J. & Kelly, J.J., Microplastic is an Abundant and Distinct Microbial Habitat in an Urban River, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48 (20), pp. 11863?11871, Oct. 2014. doi: 10.1021/es503610r.

Dikareva, N. & Simon, K.S., Microplastic Pollution in Streams Spanning an Urbanisation Gradient, Environ. Pollut., 250, pp. 292-299, Jul. 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.105.

Pariatamby, A., Hamid, F.S., Bhatti, M.S., Anuar, N. & Anuar, N., Status of Microplastic Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystem with a Case Study on Cherating River, Malaysia, J. Eng. Technol. Sci., 52 (2), pp. 222-241, 2020, doi: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2020.52.2.7.

Ta, A.T., Babel, S. & Haarstrick, A., Microplastics Contamination in a High Population Density Area of the Chao Phraya River, Bangkok, J. Eng. Technol. Sci., 52 (4), pp. 534-545, 2020. doi: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2020.52.4.6