Smart Campus Framework: Definition, Model, Measurement from Anthropocentric, Systemic and Technological Perspectives

Radiant Imbar; Suhono H. Supangkat; Armein Z.R. Langi; Arry A. Arman; Meliana Christianti  Johan

doi:10.5614/itbj.ict.res.appl.2025.18.3.5

Authors

Radiant Imbar Maranatha Christian University, Jalan Surya Sumantri No. 65, Bandung 40164, West Java,
Suhono H. Supangkat School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesa No. 10, Bandung 40132, West Java
Armein Z.R. Langi School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesa No. 10, Bandung 40132, West Java
Arry A. Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesa No. 10, Bandung 40132, West Java
Meliana Christianti Johan Maranatha Christian University, Jalan Surya Sumantri No. 65, Bandung 40164, West Java

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5614/itbj.ict.res.appl.2025.18.3.5

Keywords:

design science research methodology, higher education institution, smart campus framework, smart campus measurement model, smart system

Abstract

This study developed a smart campus framework to help higher education institutions (HEIs) define and assess their smartness level. As HEIs faces growing demands for efficiency and competitiveness, implementing smart systems has become increasingly essential. A comprehensive framework is needed to support and improve the chances of successful adoption. This research addressed the question: how can a framework be created to measure campus smartness? The proposed framework encompasses a smart campus definition, an ideal model of smart system-based services, and a model for measuring smartness. The Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) guided the development of the framework. Its evaluation was conducted in Indonesian HEIs to assess current smartness levels. The measurement model was validated through reliability testing (Cronbach?s Alpha = 0.883) and validity testing (Pearson Product Moment), both of which yielded strong results. Expert judgment from 10 specialists provided qualitative validation. The framework was applied across 10 campuses, involving 9,961 respondents. The results indicated that anthropocentric smartness (human-focused) was at levels 3 and 4 across all campuses, while systemic and technological smartness were mainly at level 2. Ten university leaders confirmed that the model effectively reflects actual campus conditions. The framework is built upon three perspectives of smartness: anthropocentric, systemic, and technological.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Dong, Z.Y., Zhang, Y., Yip, C., Swift, S. & Beswick, K., Smart Campus: Definition, Framework, Technologies, and Services, IET Smart Cities, 2(1), pp. 43-54, 2020.

Arman, A.A., Imbar, R.V., Supangkat, S.H. & Langi, A.Z.R., The Concept of Smartness Based on the Level of Technology: A Case of System Smartness in Higher Education Institutions in Indonesia, World Trans. Eng. Technol. Educ., 21(2), pp. 93-102, 2023.

Liu, Y., Zhang, Y. & Ji, X., Intelligent Campus Management System Combining Computer Data Processing and GIS Technology, ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 176-182, 2023.

Negreiros, I., Francisco, A.C.C, Fengler, F.H., Faria, G., Pinto, L.G.P., Tolotto, M., Rogoschewski, R.B., Romano, R.R. & Netto, R.S., Smart Campus as a Living Lab on Sustainability Indicators Monitoring, 2020 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), 2020.

Imbar, R.V., Supangkat, S.H. & Langi, A.Z.R., Smart Campus Model: A Literature Review, International Conference on ICT for Smart Society (ICISS), 2020.

Imbar, R.V., Supangkat, S.H., Langi, A.Z.R. & Arman, A.A., Development of a Smart Campus Framework, World Trans. Eng. Technol. Educ., 20(4), pp. 292-299, 2022.

Yip, C., Zhang, Y., Lu, E. & Dong, Z.Y., A Hybrid Assessment Framework for Human-centred Sustainable Smart Campus: A Case Study on COVID-19 Impact, IET Smart Cities, 4(3), pp. 184-196, 2022.

Hevner, A. R. & vom Brocke, J., A Proficiency Model for Design Science Research Education, J. Inf. Syst. Educ., 34(3), pp. 264-278, 2023.

Imbar, R.V., Supangkat, S.H., Langi, A.Z.R. & Arman, A.A., Development of an Instrument to Measure Smart Campus Levels in Indonesian Institutions of Higher Education, Glob. J. Eng. Educ., 24(2), pp. 95-104, 2022.

Imbar, R.V., Supangkat, S.H. & Langi, A.Z.R., Development of Smart Campus Model, International Conference on ICT for Smart Society (ICISS), 2021.

Ghani, A.R.A., Fatayan, A., Azhar, N.C., Zulherman, & Ayu, S., Evaluation of Technology-based Learning in an Islamic School, World Trans. Eng. Technol. Educ., 20(3), pp. 190-195, 2022.

Imbar, R.V., Supangkat, S.H., Langi, A.Z.R., & Arman, A.A., Digital Transformation Framework: A Review, International Conference on ICT for Smart Society (ICISS), 2022.

AbuAlnaaj, K., Ahmed, V. & Saboor, S., A Strategic Framework for Smart Campus, Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, pp. 790-798, 2020.

Korsten, G., Aysolmaz, B., Turetken, O., Edel, D. & Ozkan, B., ADA-CMM: A Capability Maturity Model for Advanced Data Analytics, Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 266-275, 2022.

Cruz, E.F. & Da Cruz, A.M.R., Design Science Research for IS/IT Projects: Focus on Digital Transformation, 15th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies, CISTI, 2020.