Balancing Local Government Capacity for a Sustainable Peri-Urban Development: The Case of Karawang Regency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5614/jpwk.2015.26.2.1Abstract
Abstrak. Sebagai suatu wilayah yang berdekatan dengan Wilayah Metropolitan Jakarta, Kabupaten Karawang menghadapi perubahan karakteristik dari perdesaan menjadi perkotaan. Sebagai wilayah peri-urban yang baru dari Wilayah Metropolitan Jakarta, Pemerintah Kabupaten Karawang membutuhkan kemampuan yang besar untuk melindungi wilayah ini dan mendukung pengembangan ekonomi dan pertumbuhan perkotaan di Wilayah Metropolitan Jakarta. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi usaha-usaha pemerintah dalam beradaptasi dengan perubahan karakteristik tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bagaimana program-program pemerintah menggambarkan usaha pemerintah dalam mencapai keberlanjutan wilayah mereka. Sebagai mesin pertumbuhan wilayah metropolitan Jakarta, Kabupaten Karawang perlu memperkuat kapasitas lokal mereka untuk melindungi dan melestarikan wilayah mereka. Fokus pembangunan adalah peningkatan kemampuan institusional yang dibagi menjadi tiga modal yakni modal intelektual, modal sosial dan modal politik. Keseimbangan dalam pengimplementasian modal-modal tersebut akan menghasilkan suatu wilayah peri-urban yang berkelanjutan.
Kata kunci. Wilayah Metropolitan Jakarta, Kabupaten Karawang, kemampuan lokal, peri-urbanisasi
Abstract. As an adjacent region of the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA), Karawang Regency is facing the change from rural to urban characteristics. As a new peri-urban area of the Greater JMA (GJMA), Karawang Regency needs a strong capacity to protect the area while at the same time supporting the economic development and urban growth of the GJMA. This research is an attempt to identify government efforts in adapting to the characteristics change. It shows how local government programs exemplify local government efforts in achieving sustainability in the region. Metropolitan expansion is transforming the peri-urban area of Karawang Regency. As a growth machine for the JMA, Karawang Regency needs to strengthen its local capacity in order to protect and preserve the area. Institutional capacity building is aimed at three capitals: intellectual capital, social capital and political capital. A balanced implementation of all three capitals will lead to a sustainable peri-urbanization.
Keywords. Jakarta Metropolitan Area, Karawang Regency, local capacity, peri-urbanization
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