Spatial Dynamic Model of Index-Based Disaster Resilience

Authors

  • Lalitya Narieswari Geospatial Information Agency (BIG), Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong Bogor 16911, Indonesia; Natural Resource and Environmental Management, IPB University, Bogor 16144, Indonesia.
  • Santun R.P. Sitorus Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
  • Hartrisari Hardjomidjojo Department of Agroindustrial Technology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
  • Eka Intan Kumala Putri Department of Resources and Environmental Economics, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5614/jpwk.2022.33.3.7

Keywords:

disasters, resilience indicators, spatial distribution

Abstract

Measurement and development of resilience are essential in disaster risk reduction programs. Furthermore, efforts are needed to measure resilience baselines to track changes over time and compare areas for monitoring and evaluating resilience development. Therefore, this study identified dimensions and indicators for measuring resilience using a statistical approach and developed an index-based spatial resilience model in a web-GIS environment. This paper presents the spatial distribution of urban resilience to disasters in Semarang City at the sub-district level. Factor analysis showed that 21 selected indicators could represent five dimensions of resilience: social, economic, infrastructure, environmental, and institutional. Furthermore, the model results showed that 88% of the sub-districts were in the moderate resilience class. The spatial distribution of each dimension showed considerable heterogeneity in its coastal and plain areas (city center) as well as better resilience in the social and infrastructure dimensions than in its hilly areas. The hilly areas in the west have relatively better resilience than those in the east. These results can be used as a reference in managing resilience to disasters. The model presents a spatial distribution of resilience based on an index that quickly provides an overview of the conditions and determines priorities for increasing resilience in supporting disaster risk reduction programs.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

RCSemarang (2018). 100 Resilient cities [Internet]. https://100rcsemarang.org/100-resilient-cities

Al Rifat, S. A., & Liu, W. (2020). Measuring community disaster resilience in the conterminous coastal United States. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9080469

Bappenas, badan perencanaan dan pembangunan nasional. (2015). Indeks pembangunan desa 2014. In Bappenas. Bappenas-BPS.

Bappenas, badan perencanaan dan pembangunan nasional, & BPS, biro pusat statistik. (2015). Indeks pembangunan desa 2014: Tantangan pemenuhan standar pelayanan minimum desa. Bappenas-BPS.

Beccari, B. (2016). A comparative analysis of disaster risk, vulnerability and resilience composite indicators. PLoS Currents Disasters, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.dis.19f9c194f3e3724d9ffa285b157c6ee3

BNPB, badan nasional penanggulangan bencana. (2020). Laporan penilaian ketangguhan daerah Kota Semarang. Jakarta (ID): BNPB.

BNPB, badan nasional penanggulangan bencana. (2021). Data Informasi Bencana Indonesia https://dibi.bnpb.go.id/. https://dibi.bnpb.go.id/

BPBD, badan penanggulangan bencana daerah. (2021). Laporan akhir Indeks Ketahanan Daerah (IKD). Semarang (ID): BPBD Kota Semarang.

BPS, biro pusat statistik kota semarang. (2021). Kota Semarang Dalam Angka 2021. Semarang (ID): BPS Kota Semarang.

BSN, badan standarisasi nasional. (2018). SNI ISO 37120:2018: Pembangunan perkotaan dan masyarakat yang berkelanjutan - Indikator-indikator untuk layanan perkotaan (p. 138). Jakarta (ID): Badan Standarisasi Nasional.

Cai, H., Lam, N. S. N., Qiang, Y., Zou, L., Correll, R. M., & Mihunov, V. (2018). A synthesis of disaster resilience measurement methods and indices. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 31, 844?855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.07.015

Cai, H., Lam, N. S. N., Zou, L., Qiang, Y., & Li, K. (2016). Assessing community resilience to coastal hazards in the Lower Mississippi River Basin. Water (Switzerland), 8(2), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8020046

Cutter, S. L., Ash, K. D., & Emrich, C. T. (2014). The geographies of community disaster resilience. Global Environmental Change, 29, 65?77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.08.005

Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E., & Webb, J. (2008). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global Environmental Change, 18(4), 598?606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.07.013

Cutter, S. L., Burton, C. G., & Emrich, C. T. (2010). Disaster resilience indicators for benchmarking baseline conditions. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1547-7355.1732

DasGupta, R., & Shaw, R. (2015). An indicator based approach to assess coastal communities? resilience against climate related disasters in Indian Sundarbans. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 19(1), 85?101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-014-0369-1

Fekete, A. (2010). Graduate research series. In Graduate Research Series (Vol. 4). UNU-EHS.

Frigerio, I., Carnelli, F., Cabinio, M., & De Amicis, M. (2018). Spatiotemporal Pattern of Social Vulnerability in Italy. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 9(2), 249?262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-018-0168-7

Gonlves, C., & Marques da Costa, E. (2013). Framework and indicators to measure urban resilience: assay in Caldas Da Rainha and Evora urban system. AESOP-ACSP Joint Congress, 16.

Gunawan, I., Sagala, S., Suryani, A., Zawani, H., & Mangungsong, R. (2015). City risk diagnostic for urban resilience in Indonesia. The World Bank.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis 7th Edition. In Neuromarketing in India: Understanding the Indian Consumer (seventh ed.). Pearson.

Huang, J., Levinson, D., Wang, J., & Jin, H. (2019). Job-worker spatial dynamics in Beijing: Insights from Smart Card Data. Cities, 86, 83?93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.11.021

ISO, international organisation for standardization. (2019). ISO 37123-2019: Sustainable cities and communities-Indicators for resilient cities (p. 83). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO.

Jha, A. K., Miner, T. W., & Tanton-Geddes, Z. (2013). Building urban resilience: Principles, tools, and practice. In Building Urban Resilience. The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8865-5

Ji, T., Wei, H. H., Sim, T., Yang, L. E., & Scheffran, J. (2021). Disaggregated validation of disaster-resilience indicators using household survey data: A case study of Hong Kong. Sustainable Cities and Society, 67(January), 102726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102726

Kabir, M. H., Sato, M., Habbiba, U., & Yousuf, T. Bin. (2018). Assessment of urban disaster resilience in Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC), Bangladesh. Procedia Engineering, 212, 1107?1114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.143

Kamh, Y. Z., Khalifa, M. A., & El-Bahrawy, A. N. (2016). Comparative study of community resilience in mega coastal cities threatened by sea level rise: the case of Alexandria and Jakarta. Procedia ? Social and Behavioral Sciences, 216, 503?517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.12.007

Kusumastuti, R. D., Viverita, Husodo, Z. A., Suardi, L., & Danarsari, D. N. (2014). Developing a resilience index towards natural disasters in Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 10, 327?340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.10.007

Lathrop, R., Auermuller, L., Trimble, J., & Bognar, J. (2014). The application of WebGIS Tools for visualizing coastal flooding vulnerability and planning for resiliency: The New Jersey experience. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 3(2), 408?429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi3020408

Li, G. J., Kou, C. H., & Wen, F. H. (2021). The dynamic development process of urban resilience: From the perspective of interaction and feedback. Cities, 114(39), 103206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103206

Mavhura, E., Manyangadze, T., & Aryal, K. R. (2021). A composite inherent resilience index for Zimbabwe: An adaptation of the disaster resilience of place model. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 57, 102152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102152

Narieswari, L., Sitorus, S. R. P., Hardjomidjojo, H., & Putri, E. I. K. (2019). Multi-dimensions urban resilience index for sustainable city. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 399(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/399/1/012020

Narieswari, L., Sitorus, S. R. P., Hardjomidjojo, H., & Putri, E. I. K. (2021). Assessment of disaster resilience in Semarang City. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 771(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/771/1/012026

Normandin, J. M., Therrien, M. C., & A, T. G. (2009). City strength in times of turbulence: Strategic resilience indicator. Proc. of the Joint Conference on City Futures (Madrid), 22. https://doi.org/10.19016/jcshokuriku.3.0_1

Puteri, S. M., Harliani, F., Sitadevi, L., & Sari, A. D. (2018). Panduan penyusunan strategi ketahanan kota City Resilience Strategi (CSR). Mercy Corps Indonesia. www.100rcsemarang.org

Rus, K., Kilar, V., & Koren, D. (2018). Resilience assessment of complex urban systems to natural disasters: A new literature review. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 31, 311?330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.05.015

Saja, A. M. A., Teo, M., Goonetilleke, A., & Ziyath, A. M. (2018). An inclusive and adaptive framework for measuring social resilience to disasters. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 28(February), 862?873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.02.004

Sajjad, M. (2021). Disaster resilience in Pakistan: A comprehensive multi-dimensional spatial profiling. Applied Geography, 126(September 2020), 102367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102367

Sajjad, M., Chan, J. C. L., & Chopra, S. S. (2021). Rethinking disaster resilience in high-density cities: Towards an urban resilience knowledge system. Sustainable Cities and Society, 69(February), 102850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102850

Setiadi, R., & Wulandari, F. (2016). Memadukan strategi, mewujudkan pengembangan strategi ketahanan kota. Jurnal Pengembangan Kota, 4(2), 95?105. https://doi.org/10.14710/jpk.4.2.95-105

Shi, Y., Zhai, G., Xu, L., Zhou, S., Lu, Y., Liu, H., & Huang, W. (2021). Assessment methods of urban system resilience: From the perspective of complex adaptive system theory. Cities, 112(January), 103141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103141

Sitadevi, L. (2016). Membangun Ketahanan Kota terhadap Dampak Perubahan Iklim: Studi Kasus Kota Bandar Lampung. Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah Dan Kota (Journal of Regional and City Planning), 27(3), 190. https://doi.org/10.5614/jrcp.2016.27.3.2

Stanton-Geddes, Z., & Vun, Y. J. (2019). Strengthening the Disaster Resilience of Indonesian Cities. In Time to ACT: Realizing Indonesia?s Urban Potential (Issue September, pp. 161?171). https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1389-4_spotlight1

UNDRR, united nations office for disaster risk reduction. (2017). Disaster Resilience Scorecard for Cities (Version 2.2) (pp. 1?118).

UNISDR, united nation international strategy for disaster reduction. (2013). Indicators of success: a new system of indicators to measure progress in disaster risk management. UNISDR. https://www.unisdr.org/files/35716_newsystemofprogressindicatorsfordrr.pdf

Downloads

Published

2023-02-01

How to Cite

Narieswari, L., Sitorus, S. R., Hardjomidjojo, H., & Putri, E. I. K. (2023). Spatial Dynamic Model of Index-Based Disaster Resilience. Journal of Regional and City Planning, 33(3), 405-420. https://doi.org/10.5614/jpwk.2022.33.3.7

Issue

Vol. 33 No. 3 (2022)

Section

Research Articles

License

Manuscript submitted to JRCP has to be an original work of the author(s), contains no element of plagiarism, and has never been published or is not being considered for publication in other journals. The author(s) retain the copyright of the content published in JRCP. There is no need for request or consultation for future re-use and re-publication of the content as long as the author and the source are cited properly.

Most read articles by the same author(s)