The Changing Structure of China’s Pearl River Delta Megacity Region
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5614/jrcp.2018.29.3.1Keywords:
Pearl River Delta, the gravity model, economic spatial connection.Abstract
Based on traditional spatial gravity interaction models, urban quality and the time it takes for people or goods to move between cities are strongly correlated and the extent to which cities are integrated or have the capacity to become integrated into an interconnected urban network changes as travel time between cities changes. This paper analyses China’s Pearl River Delta (PRD) megacity region based on a modified gravity model combined with spatial analysis. It also analyzes economic relations between cities within the PRD megacity region, and compares China’s recent ‘new-style’ urbanization planning in Guangdong Province – the region’s largest and economically most important province – with planning for Guangdong that pre-dated China’s 2014 National New Style Urbanization Plan. The results show that PRD is now a bi-polar megacity region dominated by Guangzhou and Shenzhen and that four out of six cities the province planned to integrate into the core after 2005 have been integrated, but two have not. In order to build a successful global urban region, PRD needs to continue to improve its core, accelerate the integration of city clusters that can realistically be integrated, continue to study the integration potential of cities with less development potential and pay attention to balanced development of peripheral cities.Keywords. Pearl River Delta, the gravity model, economic spatial connection.
Abstrak. Berdasarkan model interaksi gravitasi spasial tradisional, kualitas perkotaan sangat berhubungan dengan waktu tempuh untuk manusia dan barang berpindah dari satu kota ke kota yanglain. Selain itu juga tergantung sejauh mana kota-kota terintegrasi atau memiliki kapasitas untuk terintegrasi ke dalam perubahan jaringan perkotaan yang saling terhubung disebabkan oleh perubahan waktu perjalanan antar kota. Makalah ini menganalisis kawasan mega region Pearl River Delta (PRD) Cina berdasarkan pada model gravitasi yang dimodifikasi yang dikombinasikan dengan analisis spasial. Makalah ini juga menganalisa hubungan ekonomi di antara kota-kota di dalam wilayah megaregion PRD, dan membandingkan perencanaan urbanisasi "gaya baru" di Provinsi Guangdong - provinsi terbesar dan paling penting secara ekonomi di wilayah ini - dengan perencanaan untuk Guangdong yang telah ada sebelum adanya Rencana Urbanisasi Nasional Cina Gaya Baru Tahun 2014. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa PRD sekarang menjadi wilayah megaurban bi-polar yang didominasi oleh Guangzhou dan Shenzhen dan bahwa empat dari enam kota yang direncanakan provinsi untuk berintegrasi ke dalam kota inti setelah tahun 2005, namun dua di antaranya belum. Dalam rangka membangun kawasan perkotaan global yang sukses, PRD perlu terus meningkatkan kota intinya, mempercepat integrasi klaster kota yang memang dapat diintegrasikan, terus mengkaji potensi integrasi kota dengan potensi pengembangan yang lebih sedikit dan memberikan perhatian pada keseimbangan pengembangan kota periferal.
Kata Kunci. Pearl River Delta, model gravitasi, koneksi spasial ekonomi.
Downloads
References
Beijing International Urban Development Institute. (2002) The Explanation of Chinese Urban Competitiveness Index. Information for Deciders Magazine 7(24), 28-29.
Castells, M. (1996). The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell.
Chen, C & R. LeGates (2016) The Changing Rural-Urban Divide in China's Megacities. Cities, 7 April. Accessed from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.03.017.
Chen, Y. and J. Liu (2002) Urban Spatial Cross-Correlation and Power Spectral Analysis Based on Gravity Model: Theoretical Proof, Function Generalization and Application Examples of Gravity Model. Geographic Studies 21(6), 742.
Cheng, Y. and R. LeGates (2018) China's Hybrid Global City Region Pathway: Evidence from The Yangtze River Delta. Cities 77, 81-91.
Cheng, Y. and Y. Zhang (2016) The Spatial Self-Organization and Planning Agendas of the Yangtze River Delta's City Cluster: Spatial Analysis Based on Enterprise Connectivity. Urban Planning Forum 4, 22-29.
Derudder, B., F. Witlox, and P. Taylor (2007) United States Cities in the World City Network: Comparing their Positions Using Global Origins and Destinations of Airline Passengers. Urban Geography 28(1), 74-91.
Firman, T. (2009) The Continuity and Change in Mega-Urbanization in Indonesia: A Survey of Jakarta-Bandung Region (JBR) Development. Habitat International 33(4), 327-339.
Gao, X. and W. Yin (2015) The Evolution of Urban Economic Linkage Pattern in Shandong Province Based on Gravity Model. Population, Resource and Environment in China, 458.
Guangdong Province Statistics Bureau (GPSB) (2006) Guangdong Statistical Yearbook.
Guangdong Province Statistics Bureau (GPSB) (2016) Guangdong Statistical Yearbook.
Guangdong Province Statistics Bureau (GPSB) (2018) Guangdong Statistical Yearbook.
Guang, X. and L. Liu (2014) Spatial Connection of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration Based on Modified Gravity Model. Urban Issues 2014(11), 21.
Guangdong Map Press (2006) Guangdong Province Traffic Tourism Map.
Guangdong Map Press (2016) Guangdong Province Traffic Tourism Map.
Guangdong Railway Construction Investment Group (GRCIG) (2018) Guangdong Railway Statistical Yearbook.
Guo, Y., S. Hu, and G. Jin (2012) Study on the Spatial Pattern Evolvement of Hunan Economic Zone Based on The Modified Gravity Model. Economic Geography 32(12), 67.
Hall, P. and K. Pain (2006). The Polycentric Metropolis: Learning From Mega-City Regions in Europe London. Earthscan.
Riley, J. (1929) Methods for the Study of Retail Gravitation. Austin, TX: University of Texas.
Jiao, P, F. Zhang, C. Li, et al. (2014) Analysis of Spatial Distribution of County Central Village Based on Gravity Model: Taking Changzhi County in Shanxi Province as An Example. Resource Science 36(1), 45.
Kivisto, P. (2012) Time-Space Compression. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.: New York.
Li, F. (2018) Re-Exploring The Spatial Model of Urbanization in China Based on High Speed Rail Network: Inspection and Analysis of Shanghai- Hinterland of Yangtze River Delta. City Planning Review 42(3), 109-117.
Li, H. and S. Li (2011) Study on The Economic Spatial Relation of Urban Agglomeration based on Gravity Model - An Empirical Study of The Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Journal of South Chinese University of Science (Social Sciences Edition) 1, 19-24.
Liu, X., C. Jing, and Y. Hu (2016) Analysis of Economic Relation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration: Based on The Gravity Model. North Trade 4, 46.
Mei, Z., S. Xu, and Y. Ou (2012) Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Spatial Interaction in The Pearl River Delta in Recent 20 Years. Geographical Science 6, 694-701.
Miao, H and H. Zhou (2017) A Comparative Study on The Internal Economic Relation and Hierarchical Structure of China's Three Major Urban Agglomeration - Based on the Analysis of the Integrated Gravity Model. Economic Geography 6, 52-59.
Ning, Y., X. Xu, and Y. Zhou (2003) Urban Geography. Beijing, Higher Education Press.
People's Republic of China (2016) National New Style Urbanization Plan. Beijing: State Council.
PRC National Bureau of Statistics (PRC NBS) (2006) The China Urban Statistical Yearbook.
PRC National Bureau of Statistics (PRC NBS) (2016) The China Urban Statistical Yearbook.
Qian, C., S. Ye, and C. Lu (2015) Study on The Division of Gravity Pattern of Wuhan Urban Agglomeration Based on The Modified Gravity Model. Progress in Geographical Science 34(2), 237.
Ran, X. and J. Zhao (2004) Viewing the Location Selection of Foreign Direct Investment from The Gravity Space Model. World Economic Studies 2, 65.
Shi, C., H. Gu, and X. Qin (2005) A Review of Theoretical Basis of Gravity Model Applied in International Trade. Nankai Economic Studies 2, 39.
Tang, Z. and M. Zhao (2010) Economic Globalization and Transformation of Urban System in The Yangtze River Delta Region: Interlocking Network and Value-Added Hierarchy. Urban Planning Forum 1, 29-34.
Taylor, P and B. Derudder (2016) World City Network. Oxford and New York: Routledge.
U.S. Bureau of the Census (2010) Geographic Terms and Concepts - Core Based Statistical Areas and Related Statistical Areas. Accessed from https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/ gtc/gtc_cbsa.html on 1 February 2018.
United Nations. Population Division (2010) World Urbanization Prospects. New York: United Nations.
Wang, H. and H. Zhu (2010) The Study of Urban Gravitation In Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area. Enterprise Economics 3, 97.
Wang, J. and C. Lin (2011) High-Speed Rail and Its Impacts on the Urban Spatial Dynamics in China: The Background and Analytical Framework. Urban Planning International 26(1), 16-23.
Wicaksono, E., H. Amir, and A. Nugroho (2017) The Sources Of Income Inequality In Indonesia: A Regression-Based Inequality Decomposition. Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI) Working Paper Series 667.
Wu, K., C. Fang, M. Zhao, et al. (2013) The Intercity Space of Flow Influenced by High-Speed Rail: A Case Study for the Rail Transit Passenger Behavior Between Beijing and Tianjin. Geographical Science 68(2), 159-174.
Xiong, L., F. Zhen, B. Wang, et al. (2013) The Research of the Yangtze River Delta Core Area's City Network Characteristics Based on Baidu Index. Economic Geography 33, 67-73.
Yan, X. and X. Cao (2004) Regional Spatial Structure and Its Regulation Mechanism of The Great Pearl River Delta. China Development 3, 35-41.
Zhang, J. and Y. Mao(2012) Empirical Analysis of Economic Spatial Relation in The Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration. City Issues 10, 2-8.
Zheng, L., X. Deng, and H. Ying (2011) Analysis of The Relation Between Guanzhong Cities Based on Gravity Model. Human Geography, 80-84.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Manuscript submitted to JRCP has to be an original work of the author(s), contains no element of plagiarism, and has never been published or is not being considered for publication in other journals. The author(s) retain the copyright of the content published in JRCP. There is no need for request or consultation for future re-use and re-publication of the content as long as the author and the source are cited properly.