LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) PRODUK SEMEN PORTLAND KOMPOSIT (STUDI KASUS: PT X)
Abstract
Abstrak: Industri semen dihadapkan pada tantangan dalam mengurangi konsumsi sumber daya alam dan energi, untuk mendukung pembangunan berkelanjutan. PT X adalah salah satu industri semen di Indonesia yang memiliki produk semen portland komposit yang dianggap lebih ramah lingkungan karena memiliki kandungan klinker yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan semen portland biasa. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tahapan daur hidup produk yang menghasilkan dampak yang signifikan dan menentukan skenario alternatif perbaikan yang dapat menimbulkan potensi dampak paling minimum pada daur hidup produk semen portland komposit. Metode yang dipakai adalah Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) yang terdiri dari (1) Penentuan tujuan dan lingkup, (2) Analisis inventori, (3) Penilaian dampak dan (4) Interpretasi hasil. Lingkup kajian LCA yang akan dilakukan bersifat "cradle-to-gate" meliputi tahapan proses ekstraksi bahan baku, proses produksi hingga distribusi semen portland komposit. Potensi dampak lingkungan dari semen portland komposit menggunakan metode ReCiPe 2016 adalah pemanasan global (GWP) sebesar 768,43 kgCO2eq, asidifikasi (AP) sebesar 0,75 kg SO2eq, pembentukan partikulat (PMFP) sebesar 0,26 kgPM2,5eq, pembentukan ozon fotokimia (POFP) sebesar 2,31 kgNOxeq dan toksisitas pada manusia penyebab kanker sebesar 5,11E-03 kg 1,4DCBeq. Potensi dampak terbesar adalah GWP yang memiliki nilai normalisasi terbesar diantara potensi dampak lain, yaitu 1,51E-11 secara total. Kontribusi dampak terbesar ada pada tahapan proses produksi sebesar 88,84% yang disebabkan karena emisi CO2 sebesar 98,63%. Skenario yang direkomendasikan untuk mereduksi potensi dampak GWP adalah teknologi penangkapan karbon yang dapat mereduksi dampak sebesar 57%.
Kata kunci: semen portland komposit, life cycle assessment, LCA, cradle-to-gate
Abstract : Cement industry facing the challenge in reducing resource material consumption and energy through sustainable development. PT X is one of the cement industry in Indonesia which produced portland composite cement which is considered more environmentally friendly because it contains less clinker than ordinary portland cement. Purpose of this study is to identify the product life cycle stages that have a significant impact and define alternative improvement scenarios which have the least potential impact on the life cycle of portland composite cement. The method used is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) which consists of (1) goal and scope definition, (2) inventory analysis, (3) impact assessment, and (4) interpretation. Scope of LCA is cradle-to-gate from material extraction, production process and cement distribution. The potential impact from portland cement composite are global warming potential (GWP) about 768.43 kgCO2eq, acidification potential (AP) about 0,75 kgSO2eq, particulate matter formation potential (PMFP) about 0.26 kgPM2,5eq, photochemical ozone formation potential (POFP) about 2,31 kg NOxeq and human toxicity with cancer (HTPc) about 5,11E-03 kg 1,4DCBeq. The biggest potential impact is GWP which has the greatest normalization value among others, about 1.51E-11 in total. The largest contribution is in the production process stage about 88.84%, which caused by CO2 emissions about 98.63%. The recommended scenario for reducing the potential impact of GWP is carbon capture technology with a reduction of 57%.
Key words: portland composite cement, life cycle assessment, LCA, cradle-to-gate
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