Effect of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) on Apical Shoot Growth of Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud.) Wonosobo Clone In Vitro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5614/3bio.2026.8.2.2Keywords:
6-Benzylaminopurine, Boehmeria nivea, Fragaria × ananassa, bud initiation, in vitro culture, cytokinin, TDZ, 2-iP, Apical Shoot, Wonosobo CloneAbstract
Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud.) is considered an important natural fiber crop, particularly due to its profitability. However, its propagation still faces some ultrapractical cases. When typical vegetative styles are used, the number of new shops created is relatively low, which makes large-scale production less effective. To address this conclusion, an in vitro study was conducted on the initial Wonosobo ramie clone. The aim was to determine how different concentrations of 6- benzylaminopurine (BAP) affect apical shoot conformation. Six concentrations of BAP (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 ppm) were examined in a completely randomized design with four replications. During the cultivation period, several responses were recorded. The study observed the time for shoot emergence, number of shoots formed, and leaf development across all treatments. The response varied across different concentrations, with certain treatments exhibiting slower shoot formation and lower quantities. The highest shoot accumulation was obtained at 1.5 ppm BAP. These results indicate that BAP is important for stimulating shoot extension, but its concentration must be carefully optimized, as both too low and too high levels are less effective. Based on these findings, BAP with 1.5 ppm is optimal for enhancing in vitro shoot production of ramie.
References
Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. Indonesian plantation statistics: cotton commodity 2014?2016. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan; 2016.
Rehman M, Gang D, Liu Q, Chen Y, Wang B, Peng D, Liu L. Ramie, a multipurpose crop: potential applications, constraints and improvement strategies. Ind Crops Prod. 2019;137:300-307. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.05.029
Side THR, Yamin M, Mulyani S, Aji AP, Ayunawati L. Potential propagation seedling of Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) from various types of stem cuttings. Kultivasi. 2024;23(3):310-317. doi:10.24198/kultivasi.v23i3.57096
Yunus A, Rahayu M, Samanhudi, Pujiasmanto B, Riswanda HJ. Response of white turmeric (Kaempferia rotunda) to the application of IBA and BAP in in vitro culture. Agrosains. 2016;18(2):44-49.
Basri AHH. Study of the use of tissue culture in the propagation of virus-free plants. Agrica Ekstensia. 2016;10(1):64-73.
Mehbub H, Akter A, Akter MA, Mandal MSH, Hoque MA, Tuleja M, Mehraj H. Tissue culture in ornamentals: cultivation factors, propagation techniques, and its application. Plants. 2022;11(23):3208. doi:10.3390/plants11233208
Sorokin A, Kovalchuk I. Development of efficient and scalable regeneration tissue culture method for Cannabis sativa. Plant Sci. 2025;350:112296. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112296
Chhon Y, Sorn V, Seab P, Ung S, Kheang L, Ly V. Effect of 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) on shoot proliferation in micropropagated Cavendish banana (Musa acuminata). Int J Agron. 2025;2025:4870939. doi:10.1155/ioa/4870939
Wardani IB. Effect of BAP (6-benzyl amino purine) and NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid) combinations on axillary shoot induction of sandalwood (Santalum album L.) [undergraduate thesis]. Malang: Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim; 2016.
Bayhan N, Yesan B. The impact of sucrose and 6-benzylaminopurine on shoot propagation and vitrification in Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 2024;156(2):55. doi:10.1007/s11240-023-02652-x
Gonzales-Alvarado AC, Cardoso JC. Development, chlorophyll content, and nutrient accumulation in in vitro shoots of Melaleuca alternifolia under light wavelengths and 6-BAP. Plants. 2024;13(20):2842. doi:10.3390/plants13202842
Leto L, Guarrasi V, Agosti A, Nironi M, Chiancone B, Juan Vicedo J. Effects of cytokinins on morphogenesis, total (poly)phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of in vitro-cultured hop plantlets, cvs. Cascade and Columbus. Plants. 2025;14(3):418. doi:10.3390/plants14030418
Guo M, Yu Q, Li D, Xu K, Di Z, Zhang Y, et al. In vitro propagation, shoot regeneration, callus induction, and suspension from lamina explants of Sorbus caloneura. For Res. 2023;3:7. doi:10.48130/fr-2023-0007
Okello D, Yang S, Komakech R, Chung Y, Rahmat E, Gang R, et al. Indirect in vitro regeneration of the medicinal plant, Aspilia africana, and histological assessment at different developmental stages. Front Plant Sci. 2021;12:797721. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.797721
Zhao T, Khatoon S, Matloob Javed M, Ghazy AH, Al-Doss AA, Rauf M, et al. Delineation of the impacts of varying 6-benzylaminopurine concentrations on physiological, biochemical and genetic traits of different olive cultivars under in vitro conditions. AoB Plants. 2024;16(4):plae038. doi:10.1093/aobpla/plae038
Malakhova N, Tezekbayeva B, Kiyan V, Yefremova Y. Enhancing in vitro multiplication and acclimatization of blackberry (Rubus L.) through sterilization optimizing and growth regulator use. Horticulturae. 2025;11(12):1422. doi:10.3390/horticulturae11121422
Dyussembekova D, Nurtaza A, Magzumova G, Zhenisbekuly G, Kakimzhanova A. Development of an in vitro conservation protocol for the endemic species Pyrus regelii. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 2025;162(1):1-15. doi:10.1007/s11240-025-03127-x
Yuniastuti E, Praswanto P, Harminingsih I. Effect of BAP concentration on shoot multiplication of anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Linden) in several basal media in vitro. Caraka Tani. 2017;25(1):1. doi:10.20961/carakatani.v25i1.15476
?meringai J, SchrumpfovPP, PernisovM. Cytokinins?regulators of de novo shoot organogenesis. Front Plant Sci. 2023;14:1239133. doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1239133
de Oliveira LS, Brondani GE, Molinari LV, Dias RZ, Teixeira GL, Gonlves AN, de Almeida M. Optimal cytokinin/auxin balance for indirect shoot organogenesis of Eucalyptus cloeziana and production of ex vitro rooted micro-cuttings. J For Res. 2022;33(5):1573-1584. doi:10.1007/s11676-022-01454-9
Thanonkeo S, Kitwetcharoen H, Thanonkeo P, Klanrit P. Temporary immersion bioreactor (TIB) system for large-scale micropropagation of Musa sp. cv Kluai Numwa Pakchong 50. Horticulturae. 2024;10(10):1030. doi:10.3390/horticulturae10101030
Ahmed MESAE. In vitro propagation and improving accumulation of coumarin in Lycium barbarum, a rare plant in the flora of Egypt. Bull Natl Res Cent. 2022;46(1):220. doi:10.1186/s42269-022-00881-2
Seliem MK, Abdalla N, El-Mahrouk ME. Cytokinin potentials on in vitro shoot proliferation and subsequent rooting of Agave sisalana Perr. Syn. Horticulturae. 2025;11(8):929. doi:10.3390/horticulturae11080929
Nazir U, Gul Z, Shah GM, Khan NI. Interaction effect of auxin and cytokinin on in vitro shoot regeneration and rooting of endangered medicinal plant Valeriana jatamansi Jones through tissue culture. Am J Plant Sci. 2022;13(2):223-240. doi:10.4236/ajps.2022.132014
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Pauline Elisabeth, Anne Nuraini, Esther Christy Natasya Hutajulu, Asri Peni Wulandari, Muhammadiyah Muhammadiyah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
