A Mathematical Model of Social Interaction between the Sufferers of Cardiovascular and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5614/cbms.2024.7.1.5Keywords:
Cardiovascular, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Social Interactions, BifurcationsAbstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable medical condition that is most commonly suffered in compare to type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes, or diabetes that is caused by pathogen or disorders. The other important non-communicable medical condition is cardiovascular disease that occurs due to impaired blood circulation in the heart and blood vessels. The unhealthy lifestyle behaviors that mainly influenced by social interactions play an important role to increase the number of prevalence for those diseases. In this paper, we consider a mathematical model of the social interactions effects to the sufferers of the cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes mellitus diseases. We separate the population to five sub populations, i.e., individuals with normal weight, individuals who have obesity, individuals with cardiovascular disease only, individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus disease only, and individuals with both cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes mellitus diseases. By using linear analysis and bifurcation theory, we determine the steady state conditions analytically and show some scenarios for the population based on variation of the parameters value numerically.
References
Kharroubi, A.T. and Darwish, H.M., Diabetes mellitus: The epidemic of the century, World Journal of Diabetes, 6(6), pp. 850-867, 2015.
Madeira, F.B., Silva, A.A., Veloso, H.F., Goldani, M.Z., Kac, G., Cardoso, V.C., Bettiol, H. and Barbieri, M.A., Normal weight obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in young adults from a middle-income country, PloS One, 8(3), p. e60673, 2013.
Banday, M.Z., Sameer, A.S. and Nissar, S., Pathophysiology of diabetes: An overview. Avicenna Journal of Medicine, 10(4), pp. 174-188, 2020.
Olokoba, A.B., Obateru, O.A. and Olokoba, L.B., Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of current trends, Oman Medical Journal, 27(4), p. 269, 2012.
Bellou, V., Belbasis, L., Tzoulaki, I. and Evangelou, E., Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: an exposure-wide umbrella review of meta-analyses, PloS One, 13(3), p. e0194127, 2018.
Mutmainah, N., Al Ayubi, M. and Widagdo, A., Kepatuhan dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit di Jawa Tengah, Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, 17(2), pp. 165-173, 2020.
Frayn, k., Cardiovascular Disease, Blackwell Publishing, 2005.
Barbaresko, J., Rienks, J. and Nothlings, U., Lifestyle indices and cardiovascular disease risk: a meta-analysis, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 55(4), pp. 555-564, 2018.
Barrett, T.J., Murphy, A.J., Goldberg, I.J. and Fisher, E.A., Diabetes-mediated myelopoiesis and the relationship to cardiovascular risk, New York Academy of Sciences, 1402(1), pp. 31-42, 2017.
Weisfeldt, M.L. and Zieman, S.J., Advances in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, Health Affairs, 26(1), 2007.
Insull Jr, W., The pathology of atherosclerosis: plaque development and plaque responses to medical treatment, The American Journal of Medicine, 122(1), pp. 3-14, 2009.
Cockerham, W.C., Hamby, B.W. and Oates, G.R., The social determinants of chronic disease, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 52(1), pp. 5-12, 2017.
Decroli, E., Diabetes melitus tipe 2, Padang: Pusat Penerbitan Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas, pp. 1-52, 2019.
Christakis, N.A. and Fowler, J.H., The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years, Massachusetts Medical Society, 357(4), pp. 370-379, 2007.
Serrano Fuentes, N., Rogers, A. and Portillo, M.C., Social network influences and the adoption of obesity-related behaviours in adults: a critical interpretative synthesis review, BMC Public Health, 19, pp. 1-20, 2019.
Mackenbach, J.D., den Braver, N.R. and Beulens, J.W., Spouses, social networks and other upstream determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diabetologia, 61, pp. 1517-1521, 2018.
Nasir, H., Modeling the diabetic population in Malaysia using a functional rate of unhealthy lifestyle influence, Journal of Statistics and Management Systems, 24(4), pp. 755-778, 2021.
Bhatnagar, A., Environmental determinants of cardiovascular disease, Circulation research, 121(2), pp. 162-180, 2017.
Boutayeb, A., Chetouani, A., Achouyab, A. and Twizell, E.H., A Non-linear population model of diabetes mellitus, Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing, 21(1-2), pp. 127-139, 2006.
Meghatria, F. and Belhamiti, O., Predictive model for the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in obese people, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 146, p. 110834, 2021.
Castillo-Chavez, C. dan Brauer, F., Mathematical Models in Population Biology and Epidemiology, 2(40), New York: Springer, 2012.
Irving, R.S., Integers, polynomials, and rings: a course in algebra, Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2004.
Wiggins, S., Introduction to Applied Nonlinear Dynamical Systems and Chaos, Springer-Verlag, 2003.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Communication in Biomathematical Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
