Scaling Up of the Pyrolysis Process to Produce Silica from Rice Husk
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2019.51.6.1Keywords:
modeling, pyrolysis, rice husk, silica, upscalingAbstract
Rice husk is a potential alternative source of silica and silicon. The mechanism of heating (pyrolysis) for the decomposition of rice husk is an important factor in obtaining silica of high purity. Medium-scale pyrolysis to produce silica from rice husk serves as a bridge to connect laboratory-scale production to industrial-scale production. The purpose of this study was to model and scale up the pyrolysis process as a guidance for industrial-scale production. The research method used was experimentally based. An experimental investigation was undertaken in five stages. 1) Analyzing rice husk mass conversion using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA); 2) pyrolysis modeling based on a laboratory investigation using COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.3; 3) medium-scale experiments according to the modeling results; 4) validation of the modeling results by carrying out a medium-scale experiment; 5) silica purity analysis using SEM-EDX. The medium-scale pyrolysis simulation of silica manufacture from rice husk obtained a heating rate of 1.5 C/min. There was an increase in the heating rate of 1 C/min when compared to the laboratory-scale process. The pyrolysis of rice husk for the production of silica affects the mass conversion and selectivity of the resulting silica product. The mass conversion produced was 13.33% to 17.87% and the purity of silica produced was 63.99% to 82.74%.Downloads
References
Statistics Indonesia, Rice, Corn, and Soybean Production in 2015, Berita Resmi Statistik, No. 62/07/ Th. XIX, 01 Juli 2016. (Text in Indonesian)
Rohaeti, E., Hikmawati, & Irzaman, Production of Silicon Semiconductor Materials from Silica Rice Husk Waste as Alternative Silicon Source, Journal of Material and Technology BATAN, pp. 265-272, 2013.
Dongmin an., Guo, Y., Zou, B., Zhu, Y. & Wang, Z., A Study on the Consecutive Preparation of Silica Powders and Active Carbon from Rice Husk Ash, Elsevier: Biomass and Bioenergy, 35, pp. 1227-1234, 2011.
Madrid, R., Nogueira, C.A. & Margarido, F., Production and Characterisation of Amorphous Silica, 4th International Conference on Engineering for Waste and Biomass Valorisation, 2012. DOI: 10.13140/2. 1.1596.2888.
Givi, N., Rashid, S.A., Aziz, F.N. & Saleh, M.A., Contribution of Rice Husk Ash to The Propertis of Mortar and Concrete, Am J Sci, 6(3), pp. 157-165, 2010.
Kordatos, K., Ntziouni, A. & Lazaros, Iliadis, Vassilia Kasselouri-Rigopoulou. Utilization of Amorphous Rice Husk Ash for The Synthesis of ZSM-5 Zeolite Under Low Temperature, Japan. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag, 15, pp. 571-580, 2013.
Muthadhi, A.S. & Kothandaraman, Optimum Production Conditions for Reactive Rice Husk Ash, J. Mater Sci., 43, pp. 1303-1305, 2010.
Real, C., Alcala, M.D. & Criado, J.M., Preparation of Silica from Rice Husks, Am J Sci., 79(8), pp. 2012-2016, 1996.
Subbukrishna, D.N., Suresh, K.C., Paul, P.C., Dasappa, S. & Rajan, N.K S., Precipitated Silica from Rice Husk Ash by Ipsit Porcess, India (IN): Indian Institute of Science, 2007.
Adam, F. & Iqbal, A., The Oxidation of Styrene by Chromium-Silica Heterogeneous Catalyst Prepared from Rice Husk. Elsevier. Chemical Engineering Journal, 160, pp. 742-750, 2010.
Davarpanah, J. & Kiasat, A.R., Catalytic Application of Silver Nanoparticles Immobilized To Rice Husk-Sio2-Aminopropylsilane Composite as Recyclable Catalyst in the Aqueous Reduction of Nitroarenes. Elsevier. Catalysis Communications, 41(2013), pp. 6-11, 2013.
Emdadi, Z., Asim, N., Yarmo, M.A. & Sopian, K., Effect of Chemical Treatments on Rice Husk (RH) Water Absorption Property, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, 6(4), pp. 273-276, 2015.
Oyekan, G.L. & Kamiyo, O.M., A Study on the Engineering Properties of Sandcrete Blocks Produced with Rice Husk Ash Blended Cement, Academic Journals, Journal of Engineering and Technology Research ISSN 2006-9790, 3(3), pp. 88-98, 2011.
Cheng, Y., Lu, M., Li, J., Su, X., Pan, S., Jiao, C. & Feng, M., Synthesis of MCM-22 Zeolite Using Rice Husk as a Silica Source Under Varying-Temperature Conditions. Elsevier. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 369(2012) pp. 388-39, 2012.
Sembiring, S., Simanjuntak, W., Manurung, P., Asmi, D. & Low J., Synthesis and Characterisation of Gel-derived Mullite Precursors from Rice Husk Silica, International Journal of Ceramics, Elsevier, 40, pp. 7067-7072, 2014.
Lam, K.L., Oyedun, A.O. & Hui C.W., Experimental and Modeling Studies of Biomass Pyrolysis, Chin J Chem Eng., 20(3), pp. 543-550, 2012.
Sintha, I., Dahrul, M., Ismawati, S.S., Kurniati, M., Irmansyah & Irzaman, Optimalization of Silicon Extraction from Husk Ashes by Excessive Magnesium Addition on Increasing Rate of Temperature Reduction, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 65. 012032, pp. 1-7, 2017.
Li, M., Lv, G.Q., Ma, W.H., Wang, H. & Yang, X., Numerical Simulation of an Unsteady Thermal Process in Vacuum Induction Furnace for Metallurgical Grade Silicon Refining, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 444-445, pp. 981-985, 2013. DOI: 10.4028/ www.scientific.net/AMM.444-445.981.
Noor, I., Syafutra, H., Ahmad, F. & Irzaman, Simulation of Heat Transfer in Cylinder Husks Furnace with Finite Difference Method, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 31, 012013, 2016.
Mehta, R. & Sahay, S.S., Heat Transfer Mechanisms and Furnace Productivity During Coil Annealing: Aluminum vs. Steel, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 18(1), pp. 8-15, 2009, DOI: 10.1007/s11665-008-9250-4.
Adepoju, G.A., Ogunjuyigbe, S.O.A. & Alawode, K.O., Application of Neural Network to Load Forecasting in Nigerian Electrical Power System, The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 8(1). Pp. 68-72. 2007.
Nauman, B.E. Chemical Reactor Design Optimization and Scale Up, New York, United States, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, 2002.
An, D., Guo, Y., Zou, B., Zhu, Y. & Wang, Z., A Study on the Consecutive Preparation of Silica Powders and Active Carbon from Rice Husk ash. Biomass and Bioenergy, 35(3), pp.1227-1234, 2011. DOI: 10.1016 /j.biombioe.2010.12.014.
Irzaman, Oktaviani, N. & Irmansyah, Ampel Bamboo Leaves Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) Extraction, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, pp. 1-8, 2018.
Dongmin an., Guo, Y., Zou, B., Zhu, Y. & Wang, Z., A Study on the Consecutive Preparation of Silica Powders and Active Carbon from Rice Husk Ash, Elsevier: Biomass and Bioenergy, 35, pp. 1227-1234, 2011.
