Comparison of Formulation Methods to Produce Nano-Chitosan as Inhibitor Agent for Bacterial Growth

Prihati Sih Nugraheni; Alexander H. Soeriyadi; Ustadi Ustadi; Wahyudi Budi Sediawan; Wiratni Budhijanto

doi:10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2019.51.3.9

Authors

Prihati Sih Nugraheni Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281 Yogyakarta,
Alexander H. Soeriyadi School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales,
Ustadi Ustadi Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Flora IVA Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281,
Wahyudi Budi Sediawan Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Grafika No. 2,Yogyakarta 55281
Wiratni Budhijanto Chemical Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Grafika 2 Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281,

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2019.51.3.9

Keywords:

anti-bacteria, ionic gelation, nano-chitosan, particle size, polyelectrolyte complex, precipitation, zeta potential

Abstract

Chitosan is known as an antibacterial agent. The effective surface area ratio of chitosan can be increased by modification into nanoparticles. Nano-chitosan can be prepared with several simple methods, i.e. precipitation, ionic gelation, or the polyelectrolyte complex method. This study compared these three methods in terms of the targeted product characteristics, i.e. stability of the average nanoparticle size as well as the colloidal dispersion, and the antibacterial characteristics. All three methods resulted in nanoparticle formation, but in the precipitation method significant zeta potential reduction was observed due to the presence of negative ions from the alkali that neutralized the chitosan amine group. The ionic gelation method yielded higher zeta potential and higher inhibition of bacterial growth than those yielded by the polyelectrolyte complex method. Ionic gelation and the polyelectrolyte complex method resulted in much better colloidal dispersion stability than the precipitation method, where a significant particle size increase was observed after one week of storage. This result indicates that both ionic gelation and the polyelectrolyte complex method can be used for forming nano-chitosan for the purpose of food preservation. However, for fishery products it is advisable to use the polyelectrolyte complex method because the TPP usually used in ionic gelation is not allowed to be applied to fish.

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