Mechanical Behavior of Various Orthodontic Retraction Springs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5614/itbj.eng.sci.2011.43.3.5Abstract
Retraction spring is a type of orthodontic apparatus that is used to move a tooth with respect to another by utilizing its spring back effect. It is made of metallic wire formed to individual orthodontic cases. A specific geometry results in a set of force system, consisting of forces and moments, that provides specific movement effect when it is pre-activated to the adjacent teeth. Currently, orthodontists select its geometry depending on their knowledge and experience. It is based on separate and less-than-comprehensive literatures that not all orthodontists have access to. It may result in inaccuracies in treating individual tooth retraction case. Engineering approach to estimating retraction spring structural behavior is proposed through analytical, numerical and empirical methods. Castigliano method is used as the analytical approach, whilst finite element method is used as the numerical approach. The two simulation approaches were compared to the experiments to obtain the best simulation model. The behavior of the simulation models agree well with those of experiments. Hence, the simulation models were used to simulate a large number of geometries to form database of structural behavior of retraction spring that could be used in the geometry selection by orthodontists.
Downloads
References
Nanda, R., Biomechanics in Clinical Orthodontic, W.B. Sauders Company: Phildelphia, pp.156-187, 1997.
Chen, J., D.L. Markham & T.R. Katona, Effect of T-Loop Geometry on It's Forces and Moments. The Angle Orthodontist, 70, pp. 48-51, 2000.
Funk & C. Albert, The Heat-Treatment of Stainless Steel. The Angle Orthodontist, 21, pp. 129-138, 1951.
Kapila, S. & R. Sachdeva, Mechanical Properties and clinical Applications of Orthodontic Wires, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 96, pp. 100-109, 1989.
Siatkowski, R.E., Continuous Arch Wire Closing Loop Design, Optimization and Verification. Part L Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop, 112, p. 393-402, 1997.
Ungbhakorn, V., V. Ungbhakorn & P. Techalertpaisarn, Assessment of Castigliano's Theorem on The Analysis of Closing Loop for Canine Retraction by Experiment and Finite Element Method Part I. Thammasat Int.J . Sc.Tech., 10, pp. 28-37, 2005.
Burstone, C. & H. Koenig, Optimizing Anterior and Canine Retraction.American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 70, pp. 1-19, 1976.
Putra, B., Geometry Selection of Sectional Retraction Spring using Knowledge-based Design, Institut Teknologi Bandung: Bandung, 2008.
Setiawan, R., Putra, B.B. & Wachyudi, N., Geometry Selection of Orthodontic Retraction Spring Through Knowledge-based design. in Joint Meeting JSME ch. Indonesia - AUN/SEED Net Regional Workshop,Bandung, Indonesia: AUN/SEED Net, 2008.
Setiawan, R., Yudha, L.P. & Wibowo, A., Design, Manufacturing, and Testing of 3-Axis Force System Orthodontic Springs, in SNTTM VIII,Semarang, 2009.
Idris, M., et al., Geometry Selection of Orthodontic Retraction Spring Using Global Optimization Method. in Regional Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Technology, Bali, Indonesia, 2010.
Idris, M., Optimization for Geometry Selection of Sectional Retraction Spring Using Memetic Algorithm with Design Database, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 2010.
Lim, D., et al. Classifier-assisted Constrained Evolutionary Optimization for Automated Geometry Selection of Orthodontic Retraction Spring. in 2010 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation Proceeding,Barcelona, 2010.
Den Hartog, J.P., Advanced Strength of Material, Nevada: Dover Publications, 1987.
