Respective Influences of Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño-Southern Oscillation on Indonesian Precipitation

Authors

  • Deni Okta Lestari Graduate School of Environmental Science, University of Sriwijaya, Inderalaya, South Sumatra
  • Edy Sutriyono Geology Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sriwijaya, Inderalaya, South Sumatra
  • Sabaruddin Sabaruddin Departement of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sriwijaya, Inderalaya, South Sumatra
  • Iskhaq Iskandar Departement of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sriwijaya, Inderalaya, South Sumatra

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2018.50.3.3

Keywords:

Atmospheric water vapor, ENSO, Indian Ocean Dipole, Indonesian precipitation, SST anomalies

Abstract

The respective influences of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Indonesian precipitation were evaluated using monthly precipitation data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) for January 1948 to December 2013. Simultaneous correlation between seasonal precipitation anomalies and climate indices for these two types of climate modes revealed that IOD events have a significant correlation with the precipitation over southern Sumatra, Java, southern Kalimantan, the Nusa Tenggara Islands, some parts of Sulawesi and eastern Papua. Meanwhile, ENSO events have a significant correlation with the precipitation over southern Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. Droughts during the dry season (JJA and SON) typically occur when a positive IOD event simultaneously occurs with an El Niño event associated with anomalous low SST observed in the Indonesian seas and the southeastern equatorial Indian Ocean. Low SST anomalies lead to low-level wind divergence and reduce water vapor in the lower atmosphere, supress atmospheric convection over the Indonesian region and then cause a decrease in precipitation.

References

Saji, N.H., Goswami, B.N., Vinayachandran, P.N. & Yamagata, T., A Dipole Mode in the Tropical Indian Ocean, Nature, 410, pp. 360-363, 1999.

Webster, P.J., Moore, A.W., Loschnigg, J.P. & Leben, R.R., Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Dynamics in the Indian Ocean during 1997-98, Nature, 401, pp. 356-360, 1999.

Iskandar, I., Anomalous Oceanic Conditions in the Tropical Indian Ocean during 2006 as Revealed by Multi-sensors, J. Mar. Res. in Indonesia, 34(2), pp. 63-70, 2009.

Iskandar, I., Variability of Satellite-observed Sea Surface Height in the Tropical Indian Ocean: Comparison of EOF and SOM Analysis, Makara Sains, 13(2), pp. 63-70, 2009.

Iskandar, I., Mardiansyah, W., Setiabudidaya, D., Poerwono, P. & Kurniawaty, N., Equatorial Wave and the Evolution of the 2007 Indian Ocean Dipole, Terr. Atm. and Oceanic, 5(6), 2014.

Iskandar, I., Mardiansyah, W. & Setiabudidaya, D., Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mode in the Tropical Indian Ocean during 2011, Makara J. Science, 18(3), 2014.

Iskandar, I., Rao S.A. & Tozuka, T., Chlorophyll" a Bloom along the Southern Coasts of Java and Sumatra during 2006, Int. J. Remote Sensing, 30(3), pp. 663-67, 2009.

Iskandar, I., Role of Equatorial Waves on the Activation of the 2006 Indian Ocean Dipole, ITB J. Science, 44(2), pp. 113-128, 2012.

Iskandar, I., Irfan M. & Syamsuddin, F., Why was the 2008 Indian Ocean Dipole A Short-lived Event?, Ocean Science Journal, 48(2), pp. 149-160, 2013.

Wijaya, M. & Iskhaq I., Temporal Variation in The Indian Ocean Wyrtki Flow and Relationship with the Phenomenon the Indian Ocean Dipole, J. Segara, 10(2), pp. 98-105, 2014. (Text in Indonesian)

Yamagata, T., Behera, S.K., Luo, J-J., Masson, S., Jury, M. & Rao, S.A., Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Variability in the Tropical Indian Ocean, Earth Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, Geophys. Monogr., 147, pp. 189-212, 2004. DOI: 10.1029/147GM12

Luo, J-J., Sasaki, W. & Masumoto, Y., Indian Ocean Warming Modulates Pacific Climate Change, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., pp. 1-6, 2012. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1210239109

Ashok, K., Guan, Z., Saji, N.N., & Yamagata, T., Individual and Combined Influences of ENSO and the Indian Ocean Dipole on the Indian Summer Monsoon, Journal of Climate, 17, pp. 3141-3155, 2004.

Trenberth, K.E., The Definition of El Nino., Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, pp. 2771-277, 1997.

Wyrtki, K., El Nino: The Dynamic Response of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean to Atmospheric Forcing, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 5(4), pp. 572-58, 1975.

Rasmusson, E.M. & Carpenter, T.H., Variation in Tropical Sea Surface Temperature and Surface Wind Fields Associated with Southern Oscillation/El Nino, Mon. Weather Rev., 110, pp. 354-384, 1982.

McPhaden, M.J., Evolution of the 2002/03 El Nino, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 85, pp. 677-69, 2004.

Aldrian, E. & Susanto, R.D., Identification of Three Dominant Rainfall Regions within Indonesia and their Relationship to Sea Surface Temperature, J. Int. Climatology, 23, pp. 1435-145, 2003.

Hendon, H.H., Indonesian Rainfall Variability: Impacts of ENSO and Local Air-Sea Interaction, J. Clim., 16, pp. 1775-1790, 2003.

Schneider, U., Becker, A., Finger, P., Meyer-Chistoffer, A., Rudolf, B. & Ziese, M., GPCC Full Data Reanalysis Version 7.0 at 0.5: Monthly Land-Surface Precipitation from Rain-Gauge built on GTS-based and Historic Data, Deutscher Wetterdienst, 2015, ftp://ftp.dwd.de/pub/data/ gpcc/html/fulldata_v7_doi_download.html, (14 June 2016). DOI:10.5676 /DWD_GPCC/FD_M_ V7_050

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, GPCC Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, NOAA, https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/ psd/data/gridded/data.gpcc.html, (14 June 2016).

Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woodlen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K.C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetma, A., Reynolds, R., Jenne, R. & Joseph, D., The NCEP/NCAR 40-year Reanalysis Project, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, pp. 437-470, 1996.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1: Summary, NOAA, http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/ gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.html, (16 June 2016).

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (SST) V5, NOAA, https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.noaa.ersst.v5.html, (14 June 2016).

Meyers, G.A., McIntosh, P.C., Pigot, L. & Pook, M.J., The Year of El Nino, La Nina, and Interactions with the Tropical Indian Ocean, J. Clim., 20, pp. 2872-288, 2007.

Ashok, K., Behera, S.K., Rao, S.A., Weng, H. & Yamagata T., El Nino Modoki and its Possible Teleconnection, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C1100, 2007. DOI:10.1029/2006 JC003798

Guan, Z., Ashok, K. and Yamagata, T., Summertime Response of the Tropical Atmosphere to the Indian Ocean Dipole Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies, Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan, 81, pp. 533-561, 2003.

Downloads

Published

2018-12-21

Issue

Vol. 50 No. 3 (2018)

Section

Articles