Promoting Dolichoderus thoracicus as an Agent to Disperse Trichoderma sp., a Fungus that Controls the Black Pod Disease, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Tjandra Anggraeni; U. Umrah; Rizkita R. Esyanti; I Nyoman P. Aryantha

doi:10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2014.46.1.4

Authors

Tjandra Anggraeni Physiology, Developmental Biology & Biomedics Research Group, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
U. Umrah Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Tadulako
Rizkita R. Esyanti Physiology, Developmental Biology & Biomedics Research Group, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
I Nyoman P. Aryantha Physiology, Developmental Biology & Biomedics Research Group, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2014.46.1.4

Keywords:

Black pod disease, cocoa plantation, D. thoracicus, P. palmivora, Sulawesi, Trichoderma sp.

Abstract

In this study, we propose to use Dolichoderus thoracicus to act as a double agent; not only as an agent to control cocoa plant pests, but also as an agent for distributing Trichoderma sp., a fungus that suppresses the development of the black pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora. In the experiments, D. thoracicus was more attracted to honey-soil media (M5) and coconut waste pulp-soil media (M6). However, 10% sucrose-potato-soil media (M3) was the best media for growing Trichoderma sp. Morphological study showed that spores attached to many parts of D. thoracicus. The efficiency of D. thoracicus in distributing the spores compared to the conventional method of using a sprayer was measured. The results showed that the growth of P. palmivora was suppressed by 83.33%, which is not significantly different from when Trichoderma was dispersed through spraying (87% suppressed). It was concluded that D. thoracicus can act as a double agent and can be used to disperse Trichoderma sp.

References

Ashary, A. & Pasaru, F., Mass Rearing Technique and Predator Application of Dolichoderus thoracicus for Cacao Pod Borer (Conopomorpha cramerella) Controling in Small Holder Plantations, J. Agroland, 15(4), pp. 278-287, 2008.

Umrah, Anggraeni, T., Esyanti, R.R., & Aryantha, I.P., Development of Trichoderma sp. Inoculated Formulae as a Biological Agent to Control Black Pod Disease (Phytophthora palmivora, E.J. Butler) (Text in Indonesian), J. Agrisains, 10(2), pp. 72-82, 2009.

Sutton, J.C. & Peng, G., Manipulation and Vectoring of Biocontrol Organisms to Manage Foliage and Fruit Diseases in Cropping Systems, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 31, pp. 473-493, 1993.

Cappuccino, J.G. & Sherman, N., Microbiology a Laboratory Manual, Cummings Publ. Co. Inc., pp. 1-124, 1987.

Ho, C.T. & Khoo, K.C., Partners in Biological Control of Cocoa Pests; Mutualisms between Dolichoderus thoracicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Cataenococus hispidus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Bull. Entomol. Res., 87, pp. 461-470, 1997.