Pengaruh Asam Metoksiasetat terhadap Organ Reproduksi Mencit (Mus musculus) Swiss Webster Jantan
Keywords:
MAA, organ reproduksi, mencit jantan, spermatogenesis, reproductive organs, male miceAbstract
Sari. Asam metoksiasetat (MAA) merupakan salah satu metabolit dari dimetoksietil ftalat (DMEP) yaitu suatu senyawa yang banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan plastik sebagai pelentur (plasticizer). DMEP dapat luruh dari plastik dan bila masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia, zat ini diubah menjadi MAA yang dapat menyebabkan efek teratogenik dan toksik terhadap organ tubuh. Terutama organ reproduksi jantan. Untuk meneliti pengaruh MAA terhadap organ reproduksi jantan, digunakan mencit Swiss Webster umur 7 minggu, yang cliberi dosis 100, 150, 225, dan 300 mg/kg berat badan, secara gavage setiap hari selama 4 minggu berturut-turut, dengan satu hari istirahat pada tiap akhir minggu. Kelompok mencit kontrol hanya diberi akuabides sebagai pelarut MAA. Mencit dibunuh sehari setelah pemberian MAA terakhir. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap berat testis, berat epididimis, dan berat vesikula seminalis; jumlah, motilitas, dan morfologi spermatozoa yang diperoleh dari epididimis kauda; struktur testis yang mencakup diameter, tebal epitel, dan penampilan tubulus seminiferus; jumlah sel spermatogenik, jumlah sel Sertoli, serta jumlah sel Leydig. Dibandingkan dengan kontrol, hasil pengamatan menuniukkan penurunan berat testis dan epididimis, tetapi tidak ada penurunan berat vesikula seminalis. Jumlah dan motilitas spermatozoa menjadi lebih rendah, sedangkan jumlah spermatozoa abnormal meningkat. Diameter dan tebal epitel tubulus seminiferus menurun, demikian pula persentase tubulus seminiferus normal (fase VII), sedangkan persenfase tubulus seminiferus abnormal meningkat. Pendedahan terhadap MAA menyebabkan berdegenerasinya sel-sel spermatogenik, terutama spermatosit pakhiten dans permatid, yang ditunjukkan oleh jumlahnya yang berkurang. Spermatogonium A dan spermatosit praleptoten paling tahan terhadap MAA. Jumlah sel Sertoli dan sel Leydig tidak menurun oleh perlakuan MAA meskipun tampak adanya gejala toksik pada sel Sertoli yang ditandai oleh vakuolisasi dalam sitoplasma. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa testis merupakan organ reproduksi yang paling sensitif terhadap pengaruh MAA yang mengakibatkan terganggunya spermatogenesis pada mencit Swiss Webster.
Effects of Methoxyacetic Acid on the Reproductive Organs of Male Swiss Webster Mice (Mus Musculus)
Abstract. Methoxyacetic acid (MAA) is one of the metabolites of dimethoxyethyl phthalate (DMEP), which is mainly used as plasticizer in the manufacture of plastics. DMEP could leach from plastics and by entering the body, it will be metabolized into MAA which is teratogenic and toxic to several organs, particularly male reproductive organs. To investigate the effects of MAA on the male reproductive organs, seven-week-old Swiss Webster mice were treated with MAA at the doses of 100, 150, 225, and 300 mg/kg body weight daily by gavage, within four consecutive weeks with one-day interruption in each weekend. Observation was performed on the weight of testis, epididymis and seminal vesicle; the number, motility, and morphology of the spermatozoa obtained from the caudal epididymist; the histological structure of testis, including diameter, epithelial thickness and the performance of seminiferous tubule; the number of spermatogenic cells, as well as the number of Sertoli and Leydig cells. Compared to control the result showed, that testis and epididymis, but not the seminal vesicle decreased in weight. The number and motility of spermatozoa decreased, whereas the abnormal ones increased. The diameter, the epithelial thickness, as well as the percentage of normal (stage VII) seminiferous tubules were reduced, while the percentage of abnormal tubules increased. The administration of MAA led to the degeneration of spermatogenic cells, particularly the pachytene spermatocyte and spermatids, shown by the reduction in their number. The spermatogonia A and the preleptotene spermatocytes were the most resistant spermatogenic cells to MAA. The number of Sertoli and Leydig cells were not affected by MAA, despite toxic phenomenon of Sertoli cells characterized by vacuolization in the cytoplasm was shown. It is concluded that testis is the most susceptible to MAA insult, which subsequently interferes the spermatogenesis of male Swiss Webster mice.
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