Pengaruh Lima Jenis Jamur Penicillium terhadap Daya Kecambah Gabah
Abstract
Sari. Kadar air merupakan salah satu factor yang dapat menyokong pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jamur pada biji-bijian yang disimpan selain temperature dan kelembababn relatif dari tempat penyimpanan. Akibat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jamur pada biji-bijian dapat menyebabkan penurunan daya kecambah biji. Penelitian ini melaporkan hasil pengamatan jamur Penicillium chrysogenum, P. islandicum, P. citrinum, P. decumbens dan P. notatum yang berasal/tumbuh pada beras dan gabah tersimpan. Dari hasil analisa statistika selama 3 bulan didapatkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh pertumbuhan jamur secara nyata terhadap daya kecambah gabah pada kadar air dibawah 14.0%.
Abstract. Next to the temperature and relative humidity of the storage house, the moisture content of the grains will influence growth and development of contaminating molds on the stored grains. Growth and development of these molds may result in decrease of seed germination. This paper reports the observed influence of Penicillium chrysogenum, P. islandicum, P. citrinum, P. decumbens and P. notatum growing on stored rice and paddy. Statistical analysis made during 3 months observations showed that at a moisture content of below 14.0%, no obvious influence of mold growth towards seed germination occurred.
References
Bidwell, R.G.S., 1974. Plant Physiology, Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc., New York.
Curtis, O.F. and D.G. Clark, 1950. An Introduction to Plant Physiology. Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York.
Devlin, R.M., 1969. Plant Physiology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.
Dutcher, R.A.,; C.O. Jensen and P.M. Althouse. 1951. Introduction to Agricultural Biochemistry. John Willey & Sons Inc., London.
Ghosh, J.J., 1951. The effect of environmental factors on the fungal deterioration of stored rice grains. Science and Culture, 17 : 42-43.
Hall, D.W., 1970. Handling and Storage of Food Grains in Tropical and Subtropical Areas. FAO, ROME.
Ou, S.H., 1972. Rice diseases. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew.
Oxley, T.A., 1948. The Scientific Principles of Grain Storage. Northern Publishing Co., Ltd. Liverpool.
Suriawiria, U., 1976. Hubungan antara kadar air dan benda-benda asing dalam bentuk gabah hampa, dengan nilai kontaminasi jamur penghasil mikotoksin pada gabah yang tersimpan. Proc. Seminar Kadar Air & Daya Tahan Gabah, Fatemeta IPB, Bogor.
Templeton, G.E., et al. 1961. Kernel smut of rice. The Rice Journal 64 (2) : 24.
Tsunoda, H., 1968. Microorganisms which Deteriorated Stored Cereals and Grains. Proc. The First US - Japan Conference on Toxic Microorganisms, Mycotoxin-Botulism, 143-162.
