Mafic and Ultramafic Rock Association in the East Arc of Sulawesi
Abstract
Busur Timur Sulawesi, yang terdiri dari Sulawesi Timur dan Tenggara, sebagian besar ditempati oleh suatu komplek luas terdiri dari kelompok batuan ultramafic yang diperkirakan berumur Mososoik hingga Tersier Bawah. Batuan-batuan tersebut dijumpai bersama dengan instrusi-intrusi batuan beku yang bersusunan gabro. Komplek batuan ultramafik ini merupakan suatu lajur yang terputus-putus, dan dapat diikuti dari bagian paling timur dari Sulawesi Timur ke arah barat dan membelok mengikuti arah struktur Sulawesi Tenggara. Komplek ini terdiri dari berbagai batuan ultramafic terutama harsburgit dan lersolit, serta dunit & piroksenit. Sebagian besar daerah yang diselidiki terdiri dari batuan-batuan ultramafic yang mengalami berbagai derajat serpentinisasi. Di beberapa bagian komplek ini, batuan-batuan ultramafic menunjukkan adanya korok-korok dan intrusi-intrusi kecil yang bersusunan gabro serta diorit. Asosiasi batuan tersebut dicirikan pula oleh bentuk dan penyebaran yang tidak teratur. Maksud dari pada tulisan ini adalah untuk mengemukakan data baru mengenai petrologi dan tektonik dari asosiasi batuan-batuan basa dan ultramafic ditinjau dari perkembangan teori dewasa ini. Penyelidikan yang bersifat pendahuluan ini didasarkan pada hasil analisa petrografi batuan, hubungan batuan-batuan satu sama lainnya di lapangan, serta pemetaan yang dilakukan selama berlangsungnya kegiatan explorasi geologi oleh P.T. International Nickel Indonesia.
The East Arc (East and South-East Arms) of Sulawesi is largely occupied by a huge complex of ultramafic rocks of presumably late Mesozoic to early Tertiary age. The ultramafic rocks of Sulawesi are closely associated with small masses of gabbroic rocks. The ultramafic complex takes the form of discontinuous belts which can be traced from the eastern-most part of the Eastern Arm west-ward curving to the South-East following the Structural trend of the South-East Arm. The complex is made up chiefly of harzburgite, lherzolite, with some dunite and pyroxenite. Over most parts of the investigated area, these rocks have been serpentinized to variable degrees. Dikes and small intrusive bodies of gabbroic and dioritic composition have been encountered in many places within this belt. This rock assemblage is characterized by irregularity in form and distribution. The purpose of this paper is to bring up-to-date what is known on the petrology and tectonic setting of the mafic and ultramafic rocks in the light of new available data and current theories, the present preliminary study is mainly based upon petrographic data, and field relations obtained from recent geological exploration activities and mapping by P.T. International Niekel Indonesia.
References
Brouwer, H.A., Geological explorations in Celebes, Summary and results, pp. 1-65, North Holland Publ. Co.
Challis, G.A., 1965, The origin of New Zealand ultramafic instrusions, Jour. Petrology, Vol. 6, part 2, 332-364.
----- 1965, High-temperature contact metamorphism at the Red Hills ultramafic instrusion, Wairu valet, New Zealand, Jour. Petrology, Vol. 6, part 3, pp. 359-419.
Coleman, R.G., 1967, Low-temperature reaction zones and Alpine ultramafic rocks of California Oregon, and Washington, U.S.G.S. Bull. 1247, pp. 1-49.
----- 1971, Plate tectonic emplacement of upper mantle peridotites along continental edges, Jour. Geoph. Research, Vol. 76, No. 5, pp. 1212-1222.
Davies, H.L., 1968, Papuan ultramafic belt, Intern. Geol. Congr. XXII session, Vol. 1, pp. 209-220.
Francken, C. & Jones, K.D., 1971, Report on photogeolical study of Southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia, K.L.M.-Aerocarto, prepared for P.T. INCO.
Green, D.H., 1967, High - temperature peridotite instrusions, in P.J. Wyllie, editor 1967, Ultamafic and related rocks, J. Wiley & sons, N.Y.
Hamilton, Warren, 1970, Tectonic map of Indonesia, A Progress Report, Project report Indonesian inverstigations, U.S.G.S. Dept. of Interior, pp. 1-29.
Koolhoven, W.C.B., 1930, Verslag over eene verkenningstocht inden Oostarm van Celebes en den Banggai archipel, Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Ind. Verh., pp. 187-228.
Kundig, 1956, Geology and ophiolite problems of East Celebes, Konink, Ned. Geol. Mijnb. Gen. Verh., Geol. serie, V. 16, pp. 210-235.
Loney, R.A., Himmelberg, G.R., Coleman, R.G., 1971, Structure and petrology of the Alpine-type peridotite of Burro Mountain, California, U.S.A., Jor. Petrology, Vol. 12, part 2, pp. 245-309.
Mitchell, A.H., & Reading, H.G., 1971, Evolution of island arcs, Jour. Geology, Vol. 79, No. 3, pp. 235-248.
Pitcher, W.S., & Read, H.H., 1963, in G.A. Jopline, A petrography of Australian metamorphic rocks, 262 p. Angus & Robertson.
Thayer, T.P., 1960, Some critical differences between Alpine-type and stratiform peridotitegabbro complexes, Inter. Geol. Congr. XXIII session, Vol. 1, pp. 247-259.
Thayer, T.P., & Himmelberg, G.R., 1968, Rock sucession in the Alpine-type mafic complex at Canyon Mountain. Oregon, Intern. Geol. Congr. Session XXIII, Vol. 1, pp. 175-185.
Turner, F.J. & Verhoogen, J., 1960, Igneous and metamorphic petrology, MacGraw-Hill, 2nd ed., 684 p.
Van Bemmelen, R.W., 1949, Geology of Indonesia, Vo. 1A, Gov. Printing Office, The Hague, 732 p.
Zwart, H.J., 1967, Orogeneses and metamorphic facies series in Europe, Meddelser fra Dansk Geol. Forening, Bd. 17, Hefte 4, pp. 504-516.


