PENGARUH PAPARAN GETARAN MESIN TERHADAP KELELAHAN DAN HAND ARM VIBRATION SYNDROME (HAVS) PADA PEKERJA DI INDUSTRI BETON PRACETAK (Studi Kasus PT SCG Pipe And Precast Indonesia)
Abstract
Abstrak: Kegiatan di industri hampir selalu mempunyai faktor-faktor yang mengandung risiko bahaya yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kecelakaan maupun penyakit akibat kerja, salah satunya bahaya yang disebabkan dari penggunaan mesin atau alat-alat mekanis yang menghasilkan getaran. Getaran dapat mengganggu kenyamanan dalam bekerja, dapat mempercepat terjadinya kelelahan serta dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan. Getaran mekanis mencapai lengan tangan operator melalui getaran yang dihantarkan ke tubuh secara lokal melalui tangan. Gangguan akibat getaran yang dirasakan oleh lengan tangan operator diistilahkan sebagai Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVs). Mesin dan alat-alat yang dipergunakan untuk proses produksi beton di PT X menghasilkan getaran dalam pengoperasiannya. Hal tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan kelelahan dan Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVs). Hasil dari pengukuran getaran dengan menggunakan Vibration meter adalah sebagai berikut Vibrator table U-A (19,9 m/det2), Vibrator table U-B (19,3m/det2), Impact wrench-A (19,9m/det2), Impact wrench-B (21,0m/det2), Vibrator table (20,3m/det2) dan Grinding wheel (19,9m/det2). Analisa statistik dengan korelasi Spearman dan Pearson dihasilkan p<0,05, yang berarti terdapat terdapat hubungan secara nyata antara getaran mesin dan paparan getaran yang diterima oleh pekerja dengan tekanan darah sistolik dan waktu reaksi sebagai indikator kelelahan fisiologis. Analisa statistik dengan korelasi Spearman dan Pearson diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan secara nyata antara getaran mesin dan paparan yang diterima pekerja dengan hasil pemeriksaan fisik baik tes vaskuler maupun tes sensorik sebagai diagnosis dalam menentukan tingkat keparahan Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome dengan p<0,05
Kata kunci: getaran, kelelahan, Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVs).
Abstract: Industrial activities will always involve factors contributing to hazardous risks which may cause accidents or occupational disease to the workers. One of them is the diseases caused by mechanical vibrations produced by mechanical tools transmitted to the body of the workers who directly use the machine. The vibration may cause interruption to the workers, accelerate the fatigue and cause health problems. The mechanical vibration reach the workers' hands as the result of vibrations transmitted to the whole body locally.. Such a disorder is known as Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVs). The machinery and devices used for producing concrete materials in PT X produce significant vibration when they are under operation. The vibration may, potentially, cause fatigue and Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVs) to the workers during direct contact with the machinery and devices.The results of measurements of vibrations produced uses Vibration meter are Vibrator table U-A (19.9 m/s2), Vibrator table U-B (19.3 m/s2), Impact wrench-A (19.9 m/s2), Impact wrench-B (21.0 m/s2), Vibrator Table (20.3 m/s2) and Grinding wheel (19.9 m/s2). Analysis calculation with Spearman and Pearson correlation is p<0,05 is that mean there is real relationship exists between the machine vibration and vibration exposure received by workers with systolic blood pressure and reaction time as an indicator of physiological fatigue. Analysis calculation with Spearman and Pearson correlation, it is known that there is real relationship exists between engine vibration and the exposure received by workers with the results of physical examination tests both vascular and sensory tests as diagnostic in determining the severity of Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome with p<0,05.
Keywords: vibration, fatigue, Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVs).
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