KAJIAN KOMPOSISI, KARAKTERISTIK, DAN POTENSI DAUR ULANG SAMPAH DI TPA CIPAYUNG, DEPOK
Abstract
Abstrak: Pada tahun 2010, penduduk Kota Depok berjumlah 1.738.570 jiwa (BPS Jawa Barat, 2010) dan dengan mengasumsikan timbulan sampah 2,65 liter/orang/hari maka timbulan sampah Kota Depok dapat diperkirakan yaitu sebesar 4.607 m3/hari. Namun, sampah yang masuk ke TPA Cipayung hanya 2.584 m3/hari atau sekitar 56% dari timbulan sampah total. Beberapa jenis sampah yang masuk ke TPA Cipayung masih memiliki potensi untuk didaur ulang. Sampel sampah yang diteliti merupakan sampah domestik dan sampah non domestik (diambil dari 3 truk dari kawasan perumahan dan 2 truk dari pasar) yang masuk ke TPA Cipayung. Penelitian dilakukan setiap satu bulan sekali selama 3 bulan. Ditinjau dari komposisinya, sampah Kota Depok terbagi menjadi dua kategori besar, yaitu sampah organik dan sampah anorganik. Dari hasil penelitian, komposisi sampah di TPA Cipayung didominasi oleh sampah organik (63,59%), sampah anorganik recyclable (26,70%), dan sampah anorganik non-recyclable (9,70%). Sampah di TPA Cipayung memiliki potensi daur ulang sebesar 26,70%, dengan pembagian sebagai berikut : plastik sebesar 16,66%, kertas sebesar 8,81%, kaca sebesar 1,02% dan logam sebesar 0,21%. Densitas sampah Kota Depok berdasarkan penelitian ini adalah sebesar 256,98 kg/m3. Uji karakteristik kimia dilakukan untuk sampah organik bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik awal dari sampah sebagai acuan teoritis pencampuran bahan untuk pengomposan sebagai alternatif pengolahan sampah organik. Kadar air sampah organik TPA Cipayung telah memenuhi kriteria yang baik untuk dijadikan kompos (65,23%), namun rasio C / N dari sampah organik TPA Cipayung (15,01) terlalu kecil dari kriteria yang disarankan sehingga memerlukan bahan campuran yang memiliki kadar C lebih tingi. Material terdaur ulang di TPA Cipayung telah banyak tereduksi baik kuantitas maupun kualitasnya akibat berbagai aktivitas seperti pemilahan di sumber, aktivitas pemulungan di sumber dan selama perjalanan ke TPA. Selain itu, material terdaur ulang di TPA Cipayung kondisinya sudah banyak yang rusak sehingga harga jualnya relatif lebih rendah.
Kata kunci: aktivitas pemulungan, karakteristik, komposisi, potensi daur ulang, tempat pembuangan akhir.
Abstract : In 2010, the total population of Depok City is about 1,738,570 people (West Java BPS, 2010). Assuming the estimated generation rate is 2.65 liters/capita/day, the generation of Depok City waste can be estimated at 4,607 m3/day. However, the waste that goes to Cipayung Final Disposal Site (FDS) only 2,584 m3/day or about 56% of total waste generated. Some type of waste at Cipayung FDS still has the potential to be recycled. The study was conducted by analyzing the composition of domestic waste taken from 3 trucks from residential area and non-domestic waste taken from 2 trucks from market. The research was conducted once a month for 3 months. In terms of composition, the Depok City waste is divided into 2 major categories, organic and inorganic waste. Based from the research, the composition of waste in Cipayung FDS are dominated by organic waste (63.59%), inorganic recyclable waste (26.70%), and inorganic non-recyclable waste (9.70%). Waste in Cipayung FDS has the potential to be recycled of 26.70%, divided of : plastics for 16.66%, paper for 8.81%, glass and metal for 1.02% and 0.21% respectively. Waste density based on this study is 256.98 kg/m3. Laboratory test performed for the chemical characteristics of organic waste in order to determine the baseline characteristics of the waste as a theoretical reference for material mixing for composting process. The organic wastes in Cipayung FDS has an average moisture content of 65.23% and C / N ratio average of 15.01. This condition shows that the organic waste in Cipayung FDS has not fulfilled the optimum criteria for compostion yet. From the research, it can be concluded that recyclable materials have been widely reduced during the transportation to the Cipayung FDS. Waste reduction is a result of various activities such as sorting at source, scavenging activity on the source and during the transportation to the landfill. In addition, recyclable materials at the Cipayung FDS are already in much damaged condition and the economic values are relatively low.
Key words: characteristics, composition, final disposal site, recycling potential, scavenging activity.
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