ANALISIS EMISI DEBU DAN PARTIKULAT TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF DI INDUSTRI SEMEN
Abstract
Abstrak : Penggunaan bahan bakar alternatif sebagai aplikasi co-processing di Indonesia telah banyak dilakukan oleh beberapa industri semen di Indonesia. Bahan bakar alternatif yang digunakan antara lain biomassa yang berupa sekam padi, ban bekas, waste oil, limbah padat, dan kemasan bekas, dengan presentase hingga 33%. Dengan substitusi bahan bakar ini akan berpengaruh pada emisi debu dan partikulat yang dikeluarkan melalui cerobong kiln. Sehingga analisis konsentrasi partikulat yang dihasilkan setelah bahan bakar alternatif digunakan pada kiln serta dibandingkan dengan bahan bakar batu bara. Data yang dianalisis berasal dari plant pada industri semen dari tahun 2011 hingga 2013. Dari analisis statistika deskriptif didapat konsentrasi rata "“ rata partikulat 41,4 mg/m3 dan masih di bawah baku mutu. Sementara energi yang disubstitusi oleh bahan bakar alternatif rata "“ rata sebesar 10,17% dan emisi partikulat dengan nilai rata "“ rata 6,55245 x104 ton partikulat/ton.
Kata kunci : emisi debu dan partikulat, co-processing, bahan bakar alternatif
Abstract : The use of alternative fuels as co-processing application in Indonesia have been used by some of the cement industry in Indonesia. Alternative fuels that have been used there are, rice husk biomass, used tires, waste oil, solid waste, and used packaging, with a percentage of up to 33%. With this fuel substitution will affect the emissions released through the kiln stacks. So the analysis of the concentration of ash and particulates generated after alternative fuels used in kilns and fuel compared to coal. The data analyzed comes from the plant in the cement industry from 2011 to 2013. From Statistic descriptive analysis obtained average concentrations - average 41.4 mg/m3 particulate and stilll below the standards. While energy is substituted by alternative fuels average 10.17% and particulate emissions by value average 6.55245x104 tons of particulate / ton.
Key words : Ash and particulate emission, co-processing, alternative fuel
References
Bhatty, J. I., Marijnissen, J., and Reid, K. J., "Portland Cement Production Using Mineral Wastes," Cement and Concrete Research, Elmsford, New York, U.S. A.,VO1. 15, No. 3, pp. 501-510, (1985).
CEMBUREAU. (1997), Alternative Fuels in Cement Manufacturing: Technical and Environmental Review. Brussels, The European Cement Association: 24.
CEMBUREAU. (1999), Environmental Benefits of Using Alternative Fuels in Cement Production. Brussels, The European Cement Association: 25.
CEMBUREAU, (2009). Sustainable Cement Production : Co-processing of Alternative Fuels dan Raw Materials in The European Cement Industr. The European Cement Association
Cement Manufacturer Association, Action Plan for Enchancing the Use of Alternate Fuels and Raw Materials in the Indian Cement Industry, Institute for Industrial Productivity
Fahri, Yosa M. (2013). Analisis Komposisi Partikulat pada Industri Semen di Indonesia yang Menggunakan Bahan Bakar Alternatif. Institut Teknologi Bandung
Giddings, D., Eastwick, C.N., Pickering, S.J, & Simmons, K. (2000). Computational fluid dynamics applied to a cement precalciner. Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs. Vol. 214 Part A.
Gupta, R.K., Deepanjan Majumdar, J.V. Trivedi, A.D. Bhanarkar , (2012). Particulate matter and elemental emissions from a cement kiln. Air Pollution Control Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute
Madhiyanon, T ; Sathitruangsak, P.; Soponronnarit, S. (2009). Co-combustion of Rice Husk with Coal in a Cyclonic Fluidized-bed Combustor (FBC). Fuel 2009, 88, 132-138
Moses P.M. Chinyama, Alternatice Fuels in Cement Manufacturing. University of Malawi - The Polytechnic Malawi
Narang, Leenu , (2012). Techno-Economical Assessment of Alternative Fuels in Cement Kiln. Department of Biotechnology & Enviornmental Sciences, Thapar University
Oye, Bjarte ,(2012). Wood Ash as Raw Material for Portland Cement, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry , Norway
Productivity Portal India , Energy Management Thermal Energy System Fuel and Combustion Properties of Coa, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Productivity National Productivity Council, Ambattur.
Teng, Hsisheng ; Michael A. Serio; Rosemary Bassilakis , Reprocessing of Used Tires Into Activated Carbon and Other Products, Advanced Fuel Research, Inc . East Harlford
Vermont Used Oil Analysis and Waste Oil Furnace Emissions Study (1996), Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation Air Pollution Control Division and Hazardous Materials Management Division, Waterbury, Vermont
