UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT PADA IPAL TERPADU KAWASAN INDUSTRI TEKSTIL TERHADAP Daphnia magna DI DAYEUHKOLOT
Abstract
Abstrak: Terdapat sekitar 800 industri tekstil yang berada di Kabupaten Bandung dan membuang limbahnya langsung ke Sungai Citarum. Hal ini membuat kondisi Sungai Citarum berada pada status tercemar berat. Di Dayeuhkolot sendiri terdapat IPAL kawasan yang mengelola limbah dari 26 Industri tekstil di sekitarnya dan membuang efluennya ke Sungai Citarum. Pengawasan secara fisika dan kimia belum sepenuhnya dapat mewakili dampak limbah tersebut bagi lingkungan khususnya bagi makhluk hidup. Oleh karena itu diperlukan monitoring secara biologis yang berkaitan dengan makhluk hidup. Salah satu monitoring yang dapat dipakai adalah uji toksisitas akut (Whole Effluent Toxicity) untuk mengevaluasi kinerja IPAL agar efluennya dapat memenuhi baku mutu. Uji ini terdiri dari dua tahap yaitu yaitu uji pendahuluan (range finding test) dan uji definitif. Melalui uji ini didapatkan nilai LC50. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah Daphnia magna. Sebelum uji toksisitas akut dilakukan uji karakterisasi terlebih dahulu. Dari uji karakterisasi didapatkan beberapa parameter berada di atas baku mutu dan dapat bersifat toksik. Nilai LC50 sementara yang didapat hari Senin, Selasa, Rabu, Kamis, Jumat dan Sabtu adalah 16,8%,
31,9%, 37,5%, 32%, 34,4%, dan 29,3%. Nilai LC50 sementara tidak terlalu berbeda atau tidak berfluktuatif dan masih dalam rentang konsentrasi yang sama. Lalu dilakukan uji definitif sehingga di dapat nilai LC50 aktual. . Nilai LC50 aktual dari hari Senin, Selasa, Rabu, Kamis, Jumat dan Sabtu adalah
13.73%, 52,24%, 28,55%, 56%, 47,06%, dan 21,99%. Dan nilai TUa dari keenam sampel >1 sehingga tergolong toksik dan belum aman dibuang ke lingkungan.
Kata kunci: Daphnia magna, evaluasi IPAL, industri tekstil, LC50, uji toksisitas akut
Abstract : There are about 800 textile industries that located in Bandung and discharge their wastewaste directly into the Citarum River. This made the condition of the Citarum River was in heavily polluted status. In Dayeuhkolot there is WWTP area that treated wastewater from 26 textile industry around it and discharge its effluent into the Citarum River. Physical and chemical monitoring can't fully represent the impact of waste on the environment, especially for living things. Therefore it's necessary to performed biological monitoring that related to living things. One of method of biological monitaring that we can use is acute toxicity test (Whole Effluent Toxicity) to evaluate the performance of the WWTP so its effluent meet quality standards. This test consists of two stages: the preliminary test (range finding test) and the definitive test. Through this test we could obtaine LC50 values. Test animals that be used is Daphnia magna. Before the acute toxicity tests, characterization test is conducted. From characterization test is obtained some parameters are above the standards and toxic. LC50 values that is obtained in Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday were 16.8%, 31.9%, 37.5%, 32%, 34.4%, and 29.3%. LC50 values were not being too different or not fluctuated and still in the same concentration range. Then from definitive test we can obtained actual LC50 values. Actual LC50 values from Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday were 13.73%, 52.24%, 28.55%, 56%, 47.06%, and 21.99%. And the TUa values from these six samples were >1 so relatively toxic and is not yet safe discharged into the environment.
Key words: acute toxicity test, Daphnia magna, LC50, textile industry, WWTP evaluation
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