Eksplorasi Interdependensi Faktor - Faktor Risiko pada Proyek KPBU Jalan Tol menggunakan Intrerpretive Structural Modeling

Aswanto Aswanto; Andreas Wibowo

doi:10.5614/jts.2022.29.3.11

Authors

Aswanto Aswanto Mahasiswa Magister Teknik Sipil Konsentrasi Manajemen Proyek Konstruksi, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, Jalan Ciumbuleuit 94, Bandung 40141 Indonesia
Andreas Wibowo Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5614/jts.2022.29.3.11

Abstract

Abstrak

Manajemen risiko memiliki peran vital menentukan keberhasilan proyek infrastruktur menggunakan skema Kerja Sama Pemerintah dengan Badan Usaha (KPBU). Banyak penelitian yang sudah dilakukan terkait risiko yang terjadi pada proyek KPBU. Namun, penelitian yang didedikasikan untuk mengases faktor risiko dengan mempertimbangkan interdependensi antarfaktor risiko masih sangat jarang. Tulisan ini bertujuan menutup kesenjangan pengetahuan ini dengan mengidentifikasi dan mengeksplorasi interdependensi tersebut menggunakan interpretive structural modeling (ISM) dengan fokus pada proyek jalan tol. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi empat belas faktor risiko yang relevan. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner kepada sebelas responden terpilih Dalam penelitian ini terungkap faktor-faktor risiko saling berinteraksi satu dengan yang lainnya meski dengan kekuatan yang berbeda-beda. Hasil ISM memperlihatkan bahwa kondisi lahan yang sulit dan keterlambatan serta kenaikan biaya pembebasan lahan signifikan berpengaruh terhadap faktor risiko lainnya. Model ISM juga menunjukkan bahwa kedua faktor risiko ini berada pada level terendah yang menegaskan keduanya sebagai faktor risiko yang penting. Keduanya juga diklaster ke dalam kategori risiko yang independen yang memiliki tingkat pengaruh yang tinggi dan dipengaruhi yang rendah. Dengan demikian, temuan ini mengafirmasi temuan dalam penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya yang sering menempatkan risiko lahan pada peringkat tinggi. Tulisan ini juga memaparkan keterbatasan penelitian dan menawarkan arah bagi penelitian ke depan.

Kata-kata kunci: Faktor risiko, jalan tol, kerja sama pemerintah dan badan usaha, interdependensi, interpretive structural modeling, Indonesia.

Abstract

Risk management is critical to the success of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects. Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the risks of PPP projects. However, those devoted to assessing risk factors while taking interactions into account are scarce, at least in the context of Indonesia. This paper aims to fill this knowledge gap by identifying and investigating interdependence risk factors in toll-road projects using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). This study identified fourteen risk factors relevant to toll road projects. A survey of eleven selected respondents was used to collect primary data. It has been found that the identified risk factors interact with one another to varying degrees. The ISM-based model revealed that unforeseen site conditions and time and cost overruns in land acquisition significantly impact other risk factors. These two factors are at the bottom of the ISM-based model, indicating that they are critical risk factors. They are also classified as independent risk factors with high driving power but low dependence. Accordingly, this finding confirms many previous research findings, which frequently ranked land acquisition risk as critical. This paper acknowledges limitations and suggests future research directions.

Keywords: Risk factors, toll road, public-private partnership, interdependencies, interpretive structural modeling, Indonesia.

Author Biography

Andreas Wibowo, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Dr. -Ing. habil. Wibowo is the Chair of the Center of Excellence in Urban Infrastructure Development and a senior lecturer in construction management at the Department of Civil Engineering of Parahyangan Catholic University. He was the Head of the Secretariat for the Agency for Promoting Water Supply Systems (BPPSPAM) and a research professor at the Agency for Research and Development, Ministry of Public Works Indonesia. His specialty areas include public/private/partnership in infrastructure development; financial engineering; risk modeling; simulation and analysis; construction economics. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wibowo has authored and co-authored more than 100 journal and conference papers. He obtained his Habilitation degree (a post-doctoral degree) from Bauhaus Universitaet Weimar (2016), a doctoral degree from Technische Universitaet Berlin (2005), and a bachelor's and a master's degree from Institute of Technology Bandung (1995, 1998), all majoring in civil engineering. He won a number of renowned scholarships and awards, including the Alexander von Humboldt re-invitation postdoc fellowship (2018), Emerald Literati Award (2016), Alexander von Humboldt fellowship (2011-2014), DAAD doctoral (2001-2005), and re-invitation scholarships (2009), Australia-Indonesia Governance Research Partnership (2007), URGE World Bank scholarship (1996-1998), and best paper awards in several conferences.