Penerapan Teknologi Self-healing pada Beton Ringan: Tinjauan Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5614/jts.2025.32.2.14Keywords:
Lightweight aggregate, concrete, healing agent, crack, self-healingAbstract
Abstrak
Konstruksi bangunan di era modern menuntut material yang berkualitas tinggi dan berkelanjutan. Salah satu permasalahan yang telah lama ada pada struktur beton bertulang adalah munculnya retak akibat beban berulang, yang tidak hanya menurunkan kekuatan struktural, tetapi juga mempercepat proses degradasi melalui infiltrasi zat-zat agresif dari lingkungan eksternal. Salah satu upaya yang sedang dikembangkan dalam mengatasi masalah retak pada beton adalah penggunaan self-healing concrete. Perbaikan retak mikro pada beton self-healing bisa terjadi melalui aktivasi agen penyembuh (healing agent) yang dibawa ke dalam beton melalui carrier bakteri. Tinjauan literatur ini membahas penggunaan mikroorganisme (bakteri) sebagai agen penyembuh dengan agregat ringan sebagai carrier bakteri dalam beton self-healing. Penelitian terkini menunjukkan bahwa kelangsungan hidup bakteri sebagai healing agent adalah hal yang sangat vital dalam menentukan efektivitas beton self-healing. Pelapisan carrier bakteri menggunakan zat pelapis seperti silika gel dan sodium silikat terbukti bisa menjaga bakteri dan nutrisi tetap dalam kondisi dorman hingga terjadi retak dan teraktivasi. Namun, meskipun penerapan beton self-healing di beberapa proyek telah menunjukkan peningkatan durabilitas beton, kapasitas penyembuhannya masih terbatas pada retak-retak mikro. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan lanjutan diperlukan, terutama dalam memperluas kemampuan penyembuhan retakan yang lebih besar, menurunkan biaya produksi, serta mengoptimalkan penerapan teknologi ini dalam praktik konstruksi secara luas.
Kata-kata Kunci: Agregat ringan, beton, healing agent, retak, self-healing
Abstract
Modern construction demands high-quality and sustainable materials. One of the longstanding issues in reinforced concrete structures is the formation of cracks due to repeated loading, which not only compromises structural integrity but also accelerates degradation by allowing the infiltration of aggressive external substances. In response, researchers are developing self-healing concrete to address this issue. The repair of microcracks in self-healing concrete can occur through the activation of healing agents delivered into the concrete via bacterial carriers. This paper discusses the use of microorganisms (bacteria) as healing agents with lightweight aggregates as carriers for the bacteria in self-healing concrete. Recent studies indicate that the viability of bacteria as healing agents is crucial to the effectiveness of self-healing concrete. The encapsulation of bacterial carriers using coating materials such as silica gel and sodium silicate has proven effective in preserving bacterial cells and nutrients in a dormant state until crack formation triggers their activation. Despite successful field applications demonstrating improved concrete durability, the healing capacity remains largely limited to microcracks. Thus, further advancements are necessary to enhance the healing range, reduce production costs, and optimize the integration of self-healing concrete technology into broader construction practices.
Keywords: Lightweight aggregate, concrete, healing agent, crack, self-healing.
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