Evaluasi Kinerja dan Dampak Jeti Muara Sungai Bogowonto terhadap Perubahan Garis Pantai
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5614/jts.2025.32.3.7Keywords:
Flood mitigation, jetty, river mouth closure, sediment transport, YIAAbstract
Abstrak
Penutupan muara sungai menimbulkan masalah apabila terdapat infrastruktur penting di dekatnya, seperti Bandara Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) yang terletak di sisi timur muara Sungai Bogowonto. Sebagai usaha mitigasi, telah dibangun jeti sepanjang 300 m untuk mencegah penutupan muara. Setelah beberapa tahun dibangun, keberhasilan kinerja jeti penting untuk dievaluasi. Penelitian ini terdiri dari analisis citra satelit melalui program CoastSat, analisis karakteristik gelombang berdasarkan data ERA5, pemodelan DELFT3D, serta observasi lapangan. Data ERA5 menunjukkan bahwa tinggi gelombang dapat mencapai 3,5 ? 4 meter pada musim badai, periode rerata sebesar 9 ? 11 detik, arah gelombang dominan dari selatan. Arus lokal yang datang dari arah timur ke barat mempengaruhi arah dominan transpor sedimen ke arah barat. Hal ini juga tampak pada hasil pemodelan DELFT3D. Berdasarkan analisis citra satelit, terlihat penumpukan sedimen di kedua sisi. Meskipun pada umumnya diprediksi bahwa akan ada erosi di sisi barat (downdrift), tetapi hingga penelitian ini ditulis, tidak tampak adanya erosi yang terjadi. Laju perubahan penumpukan sedimen di sisi timur jeti adalah sekitar 12 m/tahun, sedangkan di sisi barat jeti adalah sekitar 9,5 m/tahun. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa jeti muara Sungai Bogowonto bekerja dengan baik dalam mencegah penutupan muara, dan hingga saat ini tidak tampak adanya dampak erosi akibat bangunan tersebut.
Kata-kata Kunci : Jeti, mitigasi bajir, penutupan muara sungai, transpor sedimen, YIA
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