Hubungan Antara Variasi Tarif Tol dengan Pendapatan dan Tingkat Pelayanan
Keywords:
SATURN, Simulasi, Stated preference, Tingkat pelayanan, Variasi tarif tol.Abstract
Abstrak. Tol dikenakan karena adanya penghematan biaya operasi kendaraan dan waktu, kenyamanan serta fasilitas yang lebih baik, sehingga penetapan besarnya tarif tol harus memenuhi asas keuntungan atau manfaat bagi pengguna. Meningkatnya jumlah pengguna jalan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi, menyebabkan terjadinya kemacetan di ruasruas jalan tol, terutama saat jam puncak. Untuk itu diperlukan pertimbangan penentuan variasi tarif tol terkait dengan waktu penggunaannya untuk memberikan insentif dan disinsentif pemakaian jalan tol agar bisa terdistribusi sehingga tidak membuat kemacetan pada saat atau waktu tertentu. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi tarif tol apabila diberlakukan serta elastisitasnya. Sebagai studi kasus, kajian dilakukan di Jalan Tol Dalam Kota Jakarta (Jakarta Intra Urban Toll) dan Jalan Tol Lingkar Luar Jakarta (Jakarta Outer Ring Road). Pada kajian ini dilakukan survey Stated Preference, dan dilakukan beberapa simulasi arus lalu lintas serta pendapatan operator jalan tol dan jaringan jalan dengan software SATURN. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan tarif tol pada jam sibuk akan mengurangi volume lalu lintas jalan tol dan pendapatan. Namun, efek kenaikan harga tidak mengubah nilai Volume Capacity Ratio (VCR) dan Tingkat Pelayanan secara signifikan dikarenakan nilai waktu serta kebutuhan transportasi yang tinggi dan kapasitas jalan yang terbatas.Abstract. Toll is charged due to saving invehicle operating costs and time, comfort and better facilities, hence the amount of toll rates must satisfy the principle of profit or benefit to users. The increasing numbers of road users and economy growth lead to congestion at toll road sections, especially during peak hours. Thereforetoll rates variation associated with using time to provide incentives and disincentives in order to distribute toll road's use to prevent congestion occur at a specific time should be taken into consideration. This study was conducted to determine the effect of toll ratesvariationupon its application and its elasticity. Jakarta Intra Urban Toll (JIUT) and the Jakarta Outer Ring Road (JORR) were used as models. A Stated Preferencesurvey, and some simulation of traffic flow and toll roads operator's income and road networks using SATURN software were undertaken. This study showed that the increase in toll rates during peak hours would reduce the volume of highway traffic. However, the effect of increasing toll rates did not significantly change the value of Volume to Capacity Ratio (VCR), hence the Level of Service (LOS),due to time value, high transportation needs and limited road capacity.
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