Mengukur Efisiensi Kontraktor di Sektor Konstruksi Nasional Menggunakan Data Envelopment Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5614/jts.2015.22.2.5Keywords:
Benchmarking, Efisiensi, Kontraktor, Input, Output, Data Envelopment Analysis, Indonesia.Abstract
Abstrak. Tulisan ini memaparkan hasil penelitian benchmarking efisiensi kontraktor menggunakan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Tujuannya adalah untuk membandingkan efisiensi satu kontraktor yang satu dengan yang lainnya dan mendapatkan kontraktor berkinerja terbaik untuk dijadikan benchmark bagi perusahaan lainnya. Variabel input meliputi jumlah pegawai, beban pegawai, jumlah proyek dikerjakan dalam setahun dan nilai proyek dikerjakan dalam setahun sementara variabel output adalah pendapatan dan laba bersih. Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 kontraktor besar yang beroperasi di pasar konstruksi nasional sebagai sampel, dengan tipe kepemilikan yang beragam. Berdasarkan skor rata-rata DEA antara 0 % (tidak efisien) dan 100 % (efisien) selama periode observasi dari tahun 2007 sampai 2012, Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI; 98,16 %) memiliki peringkat tertinggi, diikuti kontraktor asing (97,90 %), swasta nasional non-BEI (88,22 %), swasta nasional BEI (84,65 %) dan, terendah, BUMN non-BEI (62,89 %) dengan efisiensi rata-rata adalah 87,07 %. Tidak ada perbedaan statistik efisiensi antara perusahaan BEI dan non-BEI. Tulisan ini mendorong perlunya tindakan segera oleh perusahaan yang berada jauh di bawah rata-rata untuk meningkatkan efisiensinya, terutama dalam menghadapi era perdagangan bebas ASEAN 2015.Abstract. This paper presents the research finding of efficiency benchmarking for national contractors using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). It aims to compare the efficiency of contractors and to obtain the best performing contractor against which peer firms may benchmark their performance. Input measures were number of staff, staff cost, number of completed projects in one year, total value of completed projects in one year) while output measures were revenue and net profit. This research sampled twenty four large construction firms operating in the Indonesian construction market, with a wide variety of organization ownership types. Based on the average DEA scores assigned from 0 % (inefficient) to 100 % (efficient) during the observation period from 2007 to 2012, Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)-listed State-Owned Firms (SOFs; 98.16 %) ranked the highest, followed by foreign firms (97.90 %), non-IDXlisted private firms (88.22 %), IDX-listed private firms (84.65 %), and non-IDX-listed SOFs (62.89 %) with average scores being 87.07 %. No statistical difference in efficiency was found between those IDX-listed and those not. This paper accordingly encourages immediate actions of far below-average national firms to improve their efficiency for especially facing the verge of the 2015 ASEAN free trade era.
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