Sifat Fisis Dan Mekanis Kayu Dari Hutan Rakyat Dalam Uji Biodeteriorasi Di Beberapa Daerah Bagian Barat Pulau Jawa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5614/jts.2019.26.3.6Keywords:
biodeteriorasi kayu, berat jenis, modulus lentur, modulus patah.Abstract
Abstrak
Penggunaan kayu dari hutan rakyat untuk bangunan dan furnitur semakin banyak. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sifat fisik dan mekanik kayu setelah uji biodeteriorasi alami tanpa menyentuh tanah di empat kota berbeda di bagian Barat Pulau Jawa. Kayu yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sengon, nangka, mangium, mahoni dan kamper. Uji biodeteriorasi kayu tidak menyentuh tanah dilakukan di Bogor, Tanjung Priok, Lembang, dan Serang. Sifat fisik dan mekanik kayu diuji setelah uji lapang biodeteriorasi tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan berat kayu, berat jenis, modulus elastisitas dan modulus patah dari contoh uji kayu bervariasi di antara berbagai jenis kayu dan tempat uji. Degradasi tertinggi terjadi pada kayu sengon, sedangkan degradasi kayu mangium dan mahoni lebih tinggi daripada kayu nangka dan kamper. Sifat fisik dan mekanik kayu yang diuji di Bogor yang bercurah hujan tinggi dan bersuhu hangat lebih buruk daripada kayu yang diuji di tempat -tempat lainnya.
Abstract
The use of woods from community forests for building and furniture are increasing. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of woods exposed to above ground biodeterioration test in four different cities in the West part of Java Island. The woods used in this study were sengon, jackfruit, mangium, mahogany and camphor. Above ground biodeterioration test of the woods were conducted in Bogor, Tanjung Priok, Lembang, and Serang. The physical and mechanical properties of the woods were tested after the biodeterioration test. The results showed that the weight loss, specific gravity, modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture of the woods were different among wood species and exposure palces. The highest degradation occurred in sengon wood, while degradation of mangium and mahagoni woods were higher than that of nangka and kamper woods. The physical and mechanical properties of the woods exposed in Bogor with high rainfall and warm temperature were worse than the woods exposed in the other places.
References
Aghayere AO, Vigil J. 2007. Structural Wood Design. A Practice-oriented Approach Using The ASD Method. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc
Clausen CA, Kartal SN. 2003. Accelerated detection of brown-rot decay: Com-parison of soil block test, chemical analysis, mechanical properties and im-munodetection. Forest Products Journal 53 (11/12):90-94.
Falk RH. 2009. Wood as a sustainable building materal. Forest Products Journal 59(9):6-12.
Gonzales G, Gould WA, Hudak AT, Hollingsworth TN. 2008. Decay of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) wood in moist and dry boreal, temperate and tropical forest fragments. AMBIO; A Journal of the Human Environment 37(7):588-597
Harris SY. 2001. Building Pathology: Deterioration, Diagnostics, and Interven-tion. New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Haygreen JG, Shmulsky R dan Bowyer JL. 2003. Forest Products and Wood Science, An Introduction. The Lowa State University Press. USA
Leicester RH. 2001. Engineered durability for timber construction. Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials 3: 216-227
Martawijaya A, Kartasujana I, Kadir K dan Prawira SA. 1981. Atlas Kayu Indonesia Jilid I. Balai Penelitian Hasil Hutan. Bogor.
Nicholas DD, Crawford D. 2003. Concepts in the development of new accelerated test methods for wood decay. Wood deterioration and preservation : advances in our changing world. Washington, DC : American Chemical Society. ACS symposium series 845:288-312.
Pandit IKN, Nandika D, Darmawan IW. 2011. Analisis sifat dasar kayu hasil hutan tanaman rakyat. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 16(2):119-124
Pietikainen J, Pettersson M, Bth E. 2004. Comparison of temperature effects on soil respiration and bacterial and fungal growth rates. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 52(1):49-58.
Sablik P, Giagli K, Paril P, Baar J. Rademacher P. 2016. Impact of extractive chemical compounds from durable wood species on fungal decay after impregnation of nondurable wood species. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. 74(2):231-236.
Schmidt O. 2006. Wood and Tree Fungi. Biology, Damage, Protection, and Use. Berlin: Springer.
Schwarz T. 2015. Data iklim untuk kota-kota di seluruh dunia. https://id.climate-data.org/. [21 Desember 2016].
Schwarze FWMR, Engels J, Mattheck. 2000. Fungal Strategies of Wood Decay in Trees. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
Subekti N. 2012. Biodeteriorasi kayu pinus (Pinus merkusii) oleh rayap tanah Macrotermes gilvus Hagen (Blattodea: Termitidae). Bioteknologi. 9(2):57-65.
Sudarmadji. 2014. Analisa sisi positif dan negative pemilihan bentuk atap berpenutup genteng untuk rumah tinggal. Pilar Jurnal Teknik Sipil. 10(1):45-54
