A Historical Approach to Understanding Differentiation of RYB vs RGB
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5614/j.vad.2024.16.1.5Keywords:
a-chromatic colors, color history, colors RYB/RGB, color theory, spectrum theoryAbstract
This article defines the roles of colors and presents their historical development as a fundamental means of expression within artwork. It also introduces color theorists and practices, including the mixing of pigments, a necessary technique for artists-designers in creating tangible results. Modern artists-designers have used these theorists to express themselves in producing an aesthetic experience in the viewer through their artwork, starting with Sir Isaac Newton?s light-spectrum experiments using a glass prism and a beam of white light, and continuing through Johannes Itten?s color-wheel and creative color-matching exercises. This article objective defines the significance of color, its historical development on the basis of earlier perceptual theorists? findings that color acquires dimension and meaning in response to cultural-historical context or psychological realities. As a result, this paper also explores how color affects our emotions, our psychic and spiritual manifestations. This psychic-spiritual manifestation is revealed through a process of visual perception and experimenting with color and its symbolic meaning. Artists such as Seurat, Munch, Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Josef Albers, Picasso, Joan Miro, or Mark Rothko demonstrated the expressive power of color-pigment. The authors hope that this paper will bring significant discussion, awareness, will assist general readers and academic researchers and truly advance knowledge.
References
Caston, V., Aristotle on the Reality of Colors and Other Perceptible Qualities, Res Philosophica, 95(1), pp. 35-68, Jan. 2018.
Wallschlaeger, C. & Busic-Snyder, C., Basic Visual Concepts and Principles for Artists Architects and Designers, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 1992.
Bhowmick, S., The RGB Rendering of Visible Wavelength Lights, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335960798_The_RGB_rendering_of_visible_wavelength_lights_2019_02_28_14_47_31_UTC, (2 March 2022).
Zwinkels, J.C., Light, Electromagnetic Spectrum, Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology, Luo, R., eds., Springer Science+Business Media New York, pp. 1-8, Sep. 2015.
Smith, G., Isaac Newton, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Zalta, E.N., eds., https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2008/entries/newton, (2 March 2022).
Pujazon, E. & Elias, J.D., Newton`s Spectrum Theory, the Color Indigo and its Mystical Practices, International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), 9(7), pp. 696-704, Jul. 2021.
Finlay, V., Color, a Natural History of the Pallet, Random House Trade Paperback, 2004.
Westland, S., Laycock, K., Cheung, V., Henry, P.M. & Mahyar, F., Color Harmony, Color: Design & Creativity, 1(1), pp. 1-15, 2007.
Tully, J., RGB Color Table, Passion Computers, http://www.compworks.faithweb.com/electronics/theory/light/rgbryb001.html, (2 March 2022).
Briggs, D., The Dimension of Colour, http://www.huevaluechroma.com/012.php, (2 March 2022).
Hardin, C.L., Color for Philosophers; Unweaving the Rainbow, Hackett, 1988.
Sherin, A., Design Elements, Color Fundamentals: A Graphic Style Manual for Understanding How Color Affects Design, Rockport Publishers, 2012.
Alan, P., Foundation of Art + Design, Laurence King Publishing, 2008.
Merriam-Webster, Perception, Merriam-Webster Dictionary, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/perception, (6 January 2022).
Westland, S. & Cheung, V., Colour Perception, Total Color Management in Textiles, Xin, J.H., eds., 7-21, Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles, pp. 7-21, 2006.
Lammens, J., CIE Chromaticity and Related Models, University at Buffalo, http://coggsworth.cse.buffalo.edu/pub/colornaming/diss/subsection2.7.4.2.html, (2 March 2022).
Garside, D., Curran, K., Korenberg, C., MacDonald, L., Teunissen, K. & Robson, S., How is Museum Lighting Selected? An Insight into Current Practice in UK Museums, Journal of the Institute of Conservation, 40(1), pp. 3-14, Feb. 2017.
Feltrin, F., Leccese, F., Hanselaer, P. & Smet, K.A.G., Impact of Illumination Correlated Color Temperature, Background Lightness, and Painting Color Content on Color Appearance and Appreciation of Paintings, LEUKOS: The Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society, 16(1), pp. 25-44, Jan. 2019.
Google, Color Template, Pinterest, https://pin.it/1tyrSSC, (2 March 2022).
Bleicher, S., Contemporary Color Theory & Use, Thomson/Delmar Learning, 2005.
Merriam-Webster, Synesthesia, Merriam-Webster Dictionary, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synesthesia, (6 January 2022).
Biggam, C.P., Hough, C.A., Kay, C.J. & Simmons, D.R., New Directions in Colour Studies, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011.
STEM from Home: The Colourful World, ATAL Innovation Mission, https://aim.gov.in/pdf/cgi/Dispersion-of-light.pdf, (2 March 2022).
St-Clair, K., The Secret Lives of Color, Hodder & Stoughton General Division, 2017. (Text in Spanish)
Dispersion of Light, ATAL Innovation Mission, https://aim.gov.in/pdf/cgi/Dispersion-of-Light.pdf, (2 March 2022).
Maund, B., Color, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2019 Edition), Zalta, E.N., eds., https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/color/, (2 March 2022).
Gombrich, E.H., The History of Art, Sudamericana, 1999. (Text in Spanish)
Seurat, G., A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, 1884-1886, Art Institute Chicago, https://www.artic.edu/artworks/27992/a-sunday-on-la-grande-jatte-1884, (2 March 2022).
List, G.R., Michel Eugene Chevreul (1786-1889), AOCS Lipid Library, https://lipidlibrary.aocs.org/resource-material/the-history-of-lipid-science-and-technology/michel-eug%C3%A8ne-chevreul-(1786-1889), (2 March 2022).
David, T., James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879), https://faculty.wcas.northwestern.edu/~infocom/Ideas/maxwell.html#:~:text=Maxwell%20showed%20that%20red%2C%20green,shade%20(intensity%20of%20illumination, (2 March 2022).
Lundgren, A., What is the Bezold Effect?, Alvalyn Creative LLC, https://alvalyn.com/what-is-the-bezold-effect/#:~:text=The%20premise%20behind%20the%20Bezold,also%20is%20a%20visual%20perception, (2 March 2022).
Runge, P.O., Color Sphere, Wikipedia, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Runge_Farbenkugel.jpg, (2 March 2022).
Munsell, A.H., Munsell Color System, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munsell_color_system#/media/File:Munsell-system.svg, (2 March 2022).
Holtzschue, L., Understanding Color, An Introduction for Designers, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995.
Kandinsky, W., Yellow-Red-Blue (1925), https://www.wassily-kandinsky.org/Yellow-Red-Blue.jsp, (2 March 2022).
Miller, B.R., Wassily Kandinsky?s Symphony of Colors, Denver Art Museum, https://www.denverartmuseum.org/en/blog/wassily-kandinskys-symphony-colors, (2 March 2022).
Miller, J.A. & Lupton, E., The ABC?s of Triangle, Square, Circle: The Bauhaus and Design Theory, Thames and Hudson, 1991.
de Coca Leicher, J., Principles on The Nature of Color Theory and Practice, Architectural Draughtsmanship, Perea, E.C. & Valiente, E.E., eds., Springer, pp. 851-863, 2018.
Ogundehin, M., Appreciating the Role of Color in Architecture is a Great Missed Opportunity of the Bauhaus, Dezeen, https://www.dezeen.com/2018/11/29/bauhaus-100-colour-michelle-ogundehin/, (2 March 2022).
Smith, K., Bauhaus Color Theory, Sensational Color, https://www.sensationalcolor.com/bauhaus-color/, (2 March 2022).
Hagen, E.V., The Elements of Color: A Treatise on the Color System of Johannes Itten Based on his Book the Art of Color, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1970.
Albers, J., Homage to the Square, WikiArt, https://www.wikiart.org/en/josef-albers/homage-to-the-square-la-tehuana-1951, (2 March 2022).
Romano, E., Picasso 1881 ? 1994, Biblioteca El Mundo, 2003.
Picasso, P., Evocation, The Burial of Casagemas (1901), Artchive, https://www.artchive.com/artwork/evocation-the-burial-of-casagemas-pablo-picasso-1901/, (2 March 2022).
Wang, C., Picasso?s Acrobat Family with Monkey, Medium, https://medium.com/@wxqcoco/a-formal-analysis-of-picassos-acrobat-family-with-monkey-49b0f5b8f53e, (2 March 2022).
Clark, D.E., The Elements of Color, https://davidedwardclark.com/notes/the-elements-of-color/, (2 March 2022).
Craig, S., Johannes Itten, 1888-1967, The Color Journal, https://thecolourjournal.wordpress.com/2014/09/29/johannes-itten-1888-1967/, (2 March 2022).
Briggs, D., Traditional and Modern Colouur Theory Part 2, The Dimensions of Colour, http://www.huevaluechroma.com/113.php, (2 March 2022).
Artist?s Colour Wheel, Daler Rowney, https://www.daler-rowney.com/colour-wheel/, (2 March 2022).
Gicksman, H., Computer Color and Artist?s Color, https://home.csulb.edu/~percept/artistcolor.html, (2 March 2022).
Wenczel, M., The Power of Colour, Johannes Itten, https://webagentur-mw.de/die-macht-der-farbe/, (2 March 2022). (Text in German)
Mahnke, F.H., Color, Environment, and Human Response: An Interdisciplinary Understanding of Color and Its Use as a Beneficial Element in the Design of the Architectural Environment, John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
