Karakter Visual dan Gaya Ilustrasi Naskah Lama di Jawa Periode 1800-1920

https://doi.org/10.5614/itbj.vad.2008.2.1.4

Authors

  • Nuning Yanti Damayanti Fakultas Senirupa dan Desain ITB

Abstract

The tradition of illustrated writing and drawing was found in the old manuscripts of Indonesia. Some parts of those old manuscripts show unique illustrations depicting local identity of Nusantara. It is thought that the manuscript reflects societal culture of thinking as well as aesthetic achievement of visual art. The illustrations of those old Javanese manuscripts were well documented and represented in various visual styles, drawing methods, themes, and visualized objects; even though their visual concepts practically resembles to each other.  The presented paper discusses the visual character and styles of illustrations found in the old manuscripts of Java within the year of 1800-1920. The illustration in those old Javanese manuscripts shows continuous correlation to the visual style of the past era and the present. Thus, it emboldens the characteristics of Indonesian visual states. It reflects structured illustration and visual style as well as expressive symbols of the Javanese society. Illustration of the old Javanese manuscript in the year 1800-1920 showed some changes and uniqueness in its visuals, comprising interaction between animism in the Pre-Hinduism era, cultural paradigm of Hinduism-Budhism, Islamic beliefs, and Colonialism. Having observed the visual illustration in the old Javanese manuscripts, it can be deduced that their styles are characterized as decorative, naturalistic, realistic, simple, and deformed.

References

Abdullah, A.R, 1999, Falsafah Alam Semesta Nusantara, Utusan Publications& Distributors SDN BHD, Kuala Lumpur.

Ali, Z., 1994, Islamic Art in South East Asia, 830AD-1570 AD,, Percetakan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Selangor Darul Ehsan.

Amin, D, 2000, Sinkretisme dalam Masyarakat Jawa, Dalam Masyarakat Jawa, Dalam Islam dan Kebudayaan Jawa, Darori Amin(Ed), Jogyakarta, Gama Media.

Bintarti, D.D., Sumadio, B, Sedyawati, E, Soekmono, Martowikrido, R,W, Kartiwa, S, Hardjonagoro, K.R.T., dan Soedarmadji, D., 1992, Pusaka Art of Indonesia, Archipelago Press, Singapore.

Chamber-Loir,H dan Fathurahman, O, 1999, Khazanah Naskah;Panduan Koleksi Naskah-naskah Indonesia, Sedunia-World Guide to Indonesian Manucript Collection, Seri Naskah dan Dokumen Nusantara, Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient & Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Cetakan I, Jakarta.

Damayanti,Nuning, 2007, Transformasi Wujud Visual dan Penggayaan Gambar Ilustrasi Jawa Periode 1800-1920, Disertasi, Program Doktor-ITB.

Florida, N.K., 1995, Writing The Past, Inscribing The Future ( History as Prophesy in Colonial Java ), Duke University Press, Durham & London, 1995.

Graff, H.J. de dan Th.G.Th.Pegeaud, 1985, Kajian Sejarah Politik Abad 15 dan 16 dalam Kerajaan-Kerajaan Islam Pertama di Jawa, Seri terjemahan Javanologi, hasil kerjasama Proyek Penelitian dan Pengkajian Kebudayaan Nusantara dan perwakilan Koninklijk.

Hersey, I, 1991, Indonesia Primitive Art, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press.

Herusatoko, B, 2000, Simbolisme Dalam Budaya Jawa,PT.Hanindita Graha Widia, Jogyakarta.

Hildawaty, S., 1998, Introduction " Indonesian:The Art of Archipilago ", Dalam Indonesian Heritage. Vol.7 Visual Art, Singapore, Archipilago Press.

Holt, C, 1973, Art in Indonesia:Continuities and Change, New York, Ithaca,Cornell University Press.

Holt, C, 2000, Melacak Jejak Perkembangan Seni di Indonesia, Penerbit Arti-line, Bandung.

Hoop, A.N.J. Th. A.Th. van der, 1949, Indonesische Siermotieven,Koninkelijk Bat,Gen. van Kunsten en Wetenschap.

Ismawati, 2000, Kebudayaan dan Kepercayaan Jawa Pra Islam, dalam Islam dan Kebudayaan Jawa, Darori Amin (Ed) Jogyakarta : Grama Media.

Koentjaraningrat, 1997, Manusia dan Kebudayaan Indonesia, Djembatan, Jakarta.

Kumar, A dan Mc. Glynn, John H., 1996, Illuminations, The Writing Traditions of Indonesia, New York, Published by Weatherhill, Inc. with Lontar Foundation.

Kusuma, S.D., Kartakusuma, R., Rosyadi, Heryana, A. & Soeratin, A., 1997, Aksara, Indonesia Indah, Perum Percetakan Negara Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.

Maier, H J, 1994, Die Buch Illustration des 18 Jahrhunderts in Deutschland, Deutsches Kunstverlag,Koeln.

Malema, R.1., 1954, Wayang Puppets, Carrving, Coloring and Symbolism, Koninkelijk Inst.v .d Tropen, Amsterdam.

Mann, A.F.Ph., 1928, Ot en Sien Pen. JB Wolters Groningen, Den Haag, Weltevreden.

Mooien, P.A.J., 1926, Kunst op Bali, Inleindende Studdie tot de bouwkunst, Adi Poestaka, MCMXXVI, Den Haag.

Mulder, N, 2005, Mysticysm in Java, Ideology in Indonesia, Pen. Kanisius, Yogyakarta.

Negara, I G B A, 1977, Wayang Kulit Bali Proyek Pengembangan Media Kebudayaan Ditjen PDK Den Pasar.

Nengah, M, 1987, Pengungkapan Latar Belakang Isi Naskah Lama Transleterasi, Terjemahan dan Kajian Naskah Silasana, Depart. Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Daerah, Jakarta.

Paecht,O, 1985, Buchmalerei des Mittelalter : Eine Einfuhrung, Prestel, Muenchen.

Pegeaud,T H., 1962, Java The 14th Century, a Study in Cultural History, Jilid IV, The Hafue, NY.

Sarwono, 2004, Simbolisme Motif Parang dalam Busana Wayang Kulit Purwa Gaya Surakarta "Gelar" Jurnal Ilmu dan Seni STSI Surakarta Vol. 2 no. 1 Juli 2004.

Schoemaker, C P W, 1924, Aesthetiek en Oorsprong der Hindoe-Knust of Java, CV Kolf, Bandung,

Susanto R.M., 1987, Estetika Dalam Arkeologi Indonesia, Jakarta, Ikatan Ahli Arkeologi Indonesia.,

Swandt, T A., 1994, Constructivist Interpretivist, Approach to Human Inquiry, dalam Hand Book of Qualitative Research, Norman K. Denzin & Yovanna S Lincoln (ed), Thousand Oak,Sage Publication.

Tabrani, P, 2005, Bahasa Rupa, Penerbit "Kelir" , Bandung, Hl.95-110,111-160.

_________ ,1999, Sastra Wayang Beber, Lokakarya Penulisan Buku Pintar sastra Jawa, Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, DEPDIKBUD.

_________, 1998, Message from Ancient Walls, Bandung, Penerbit ITB.

__________, 1990, Meninjau bahasa Rupa Wayang Beber Jaka Kembang Kuning dari Telaah Cara Wimba dan Tata Ungkapan Bahasa Rupa Media Rupa Rungu Dwimatra Statis Modern Dalam Hubungannya Dengan bahasa Rupa Gambar Prasejarah , Primitif, Gambar Anak dan Relief Cerita Lalita Vistara Borobudur, Disertasi, FSRD, ITB Bandung, tidak dipublikasikan

Uitgave dan Co, Nederlandsch Indie Oud & Nieuw 1919-1920,: Tijdschrift Nederl.Indie oud& Nieuw Vierde jaargang Amsterdam.

Verweyen, A, 1992, Buchillustration:Book Jilustrations, Bruckmann, Muenchen.

Walther,I F., Norbert, W, 2001, Die schonten illuminierten Handschriften der Welt, Taschen GmbH. Koln.

Wiranata, I G A.B. (2002), Antropologi Budaya, Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung.

Yudosaputro, W, 1991,Perjalanan Seni Rupa Indonesia, Ditjen Kebudayaan Dept. P&K. (Hl. 40-48).

Published

2007-12-01