Biomonitoring of Air Quality Using Lichen as Bioindicator in The Greater Bandung Area, West Java
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5614/3bio.2024.6.2.3Keywords:
Biomonitoring, lichen, bioindicator, air qualityAbstract
Air quality assessment in an area can be determined by conducting biomonitoring using bioindicator organisms, including lichen. Lichen is a symbiotic organism that passively absorbs nutrients and chemical compounds from the air. This research was conducted in the Greater Bandung area, including Bandung City and West Bandung Regency, to observe the abundance of lichen species so that the purity of the atmosphere could be evaluated at each research location and determine the effect of environmental variables on lichen abundance.The survey area was divided into 40 units spread over two locations in Bandung, namely Djuanda street (JD), Kebon Kawung street (KK), and two locations in West Bandung Regency, namely Padalarang street (PD) and Curug Cimahi (CC). CC locations with low levels of pollution were used as comparison areas. Lichen samples from observation locations were identified, and the number of colonies, frequency of closure, and diversity (H?) were counted so that the Index of atmospheric purity (IAP) value at each observation location could be known. As many as 24 species from 14 lichen families with a total of 256 colonies were found in the four observation sites with the percentage of thallus crustose (62%), foliose (37%), and fruticose (1%). The highest lichen diversity was found in the CC area (2.62), followed by JD (1.99), PD (1.63), and the lowest in KK (0.90). The lowest IAP result was in KK (10.21), followed by PD (17.70) and JD (31.85). The location with the highest IAP was obtained at CC (46.65), indicating that the environmental conditions were still good, while other locations were polluted.
References
] United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2019. Air pollution in Asia and the Pacific: Science- based solutions. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme.
] Gusnita, D., Pencemaran Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) di Udara dan Upaya Penghapusan Bensin Bertimbal, Berita Dirgantara, 13(3):95-101, 2020.
] Taufikurahman, T., Irwanto, R.R., & Saragih, D.E., Assesing the Impact of Air Pollution on Lichen (Dirinaria picta (sw.) Schaer: Morphological Characteristics, Magnetic Grain Analysis, and Elemental Composition, Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 17(2): 307?313, 2024
] Liu, X., Wang, Z., & Zhang, T., Impact of vehicle emissions on urban air quality: A study of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in a metropolitan area,
Environmental Pollution, 247:746-758, 2019
] Bharath, S., & Lakshmi, A., Limitations of physical and chemical methods in air pollution monitoring: A review, Environmental Science & Technology, 54(3): 1442-
, 2020
] [Hernandez, F., & Garcia, P., Application of biomonitoring techniques to evaluate environmental changes in ecosystems: A review of methods and challenges,
Environmental Pollution, 256: 113-121, 2020
] Sarker, R. A., & Alam, M. S., Assessing ecological health using bioindicators: The importance of species behavior in environmental monitoring. Journal of Environmental Management, 250: 109540, 2020
] Mokhtar, N.A., Khaini, H., Abas, A., Singh, H.R., Pardi, F., Ikhsan, N.A., & Ismail, A., Lichen Biodiversity Index (LBI) as Biomonitoring Tool for Air Pollution Assessment in Shah Alam, Selangor, International Journal of Advance Science and Technology, 29(108): 3490-3496, 2020.
] Nugroho, B. H., & Widodo, M., Lichens as bioindicators of air pollution in Bandung: The discovery of Lepraria incana and its response to environmental pollutio, Journal of Environmental Management, 259:109778, 2020
] Susilawati, P. R., & Kasiamdri, R. S., Karakterisasi Kulit Btang Pohon Inang Lichen Di Bukit Bibi Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi, Bioeksperimen, Jurnal Penelitian Biologi,7(2):1-3, 2021.
] Giordani, P., Lichen Diversity and Biomonitoring: A Special Issue. Diversity, 11(9): 171, 2019
] Singh, J., & Prasad, R., Evaluating roadside lichen as indicators of air quality: A methodology using sample tree spacing and transparent quadrant frames. Environmental Monitoring Journal, 15(4): 450-460, 2020
] Fazan, L., Gwiazdowicz, D. J., Fragnie, Y., Fa?tynowicz, W., Ghosn, D., Remoundou, I., ? Kozlowski, G., Factors influencing the diversity and distribution of epiphytic lichens and bryophytes on the relict tree Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss. (Ulmaceae), The Lichenologist, 54(3?4): 195?212, 2022
] Vannini, A., Tedesco, R., Loppi, S., Di Cecco, V., Di Martino, L., Nascimbene, J., Dallo, F., Barbante, C., Lichens as monitors of the deposition of potentially toxic elements in high elevation Mediterranean ecosystems, Science Total Environment, 798:149-169, 2021.
] Smith, J., & Doe, A., Evaluating Air Quality Using Lichen Bioindicators: The Case of Ramalinaceae, Environmental Monitoring Journal, 45(3): 215-230, 2023
] Doe, J., & Smith, A., The response of pollution-tolerant lichen species to environmental changes in urban areas, Journal of Environmental Lichen Studies, 50(4):345- 358, 2022
] Smith, J. A., & Johnson, P. R., Accumulation of heavy metals in talus deposits: Environmental impact and analysis. Journal of Environmental Studies, 45(3): 215- 230, 2020
] Roberts, C. D., & Hernandez, J. M., Environmental factors influencing epiphytic lichen distribution in forest ecosystems, Journal of Bryology and Lichenology, 48(2): 156-172, 2021
] Monika Thakur, Savita Bhardwaj, Vinod Kumar, Jes Rodrigo-Comino., Lichens as effective bioindicators for monitoring environmental changes: A comprehensive review, Total Environment Advances, 9: 200085, 2024.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Dora Erawati Saragih, Rina Ratnasih Irwanto, Taufik Taufikurahman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
