PENYISIHAN PEWARNA TEKSTIL REAKTIF OLEH JAMUR PELAPUK PUTIH DAN EKSTRAK KASAR ENZIM LAKASE YANG DIPRODUKSI PADA SUBMERGED FERMENTATION FORM
Abstract
Abstrak: Pengolahan air limbah tekstil yang mengandung antrakuinon dan pewarna azo merupakan tantangan besar karena struktur aromatik dan toksisitasnya yang kompleks. Penelitian ini mempelajari penyisihan pewarna antrakuinon reactive blue 4 (RB4), single azo reactive orange 16 (RO16), dan diazo reactive red 120 (RR120) juga reactive black 5 (RB5) dengan konsentrasi awal 150 mg/L dalam medium padat (PDA) dan submerged fermentation form (SFF) menggunakan berbagai jamur pelapuk putih (JPP). T. versicolor memiliki aktivitas enzim dominan terbaik (lakase) di antara JPP lain (186 U.l-1). Studi penyisihan warna diamati pada kondisi SFF dan hanya menggunakan ekstrak kasar enzim lakase. Untuk kultur cairan jamur menggunakan medium kirk, T. versicolor secara positif dapat menyisihkan pewarna tekstil reaktif. Diantara empat pewarna yang digunakan, RB4 memiliki persentase penyisihan warna tertinggi (99,99%), dibandingkan dengan RB5 (98,03%), RR120 (90,56%) dan RO16 (63,52%). Uji stabilitas pH dan suhu menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kasar enzim lakase memiliki aktivitas terbaik dalam kisaran pH 2,4 dan suhu 20 0C. Persentase penyisihan warna terbaik menggunakan ekstrak kasar enzim lakase adalah RB4 yaitu 99,84% dengan waktu inkubasi selama 60 menit. Metabolit yang terbentuk setelah biotransformasi oleh ekstrak kasar enzim lakase diamati menggunakan FTIR. Hasil spektra FTIR menunjukkan bahwa struktur antrakuinon, ikatan nitrogen, dan gugus amina RB4 dapat dipecah oleh ekstrak kasar enzim lakase. Studi toksisitas menggunakan Bacillus sp. menegaskan bahwa produk biotransformasi RB4 berkurang toksisitasnya dibandingkan dengan pewarna induk sebelum dilakukan pengolahan.
Kata kunci: Azo, Antrakuinon, Jamur pelapuk putih, Lakase
Abstract: Treatment of textile wastewater containing anthraquinone and azo dye is quite a huge challenge due to its complex aromatic structure and toxicity. This study investigated the decolorization of anthraquinone dye reactive blue 4 (RB4), Single azo reactive orange 16 (RO16), and diazo reactive red 120 (RR120) also reactive black 5 (RB5) with initial concentration of 150 mg/l in solid medium (PDA) and Submerged fermentation form (SFF) by various white rot fungi (WRF). T. versicolor has the best dominant enzyme activity (laccase) among others WRF (186 U.l-1). Decolorization study was observed in both SFF condition and using only crude enzyme. For SFF using kirk medium T. versicolor positively degrading reactive textile dyes. Among four different dyes, RB4 has the highest decolorization percentage (99.99%), compared to RB5 (98.03 %), RR120 (90.56 %) and RO16 (63.52 %). pH and thermo stability test show that laccase crude enzyme has the best activity in pH range 2.4 and temperature of 20 0C. The best decolouration percentage using crude enzyme is RB4 as obtained 99.84% in 60 min. The metabolites formed after biotransformation was characterized by FT-IR. The results of FTIR spectra showed that the anthraquinone structures, nitrogen linkages and amino groups of RB4 were destroyed by laccase crude enzyme. Toxicity study using Bacillus sp. confirmed that biotransformation product of RB4 is less toxic compared to parent dye.
Keywords: Azo, Anthraquinone, Laccase, White rot fungi
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