PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BIOSURFAKTAN SEBAGAI PRAPENGOLAHAN LUMPUR DALAM MENURUNKAN TPH MELALUI OIL RECOVERY PADA TEKNIK BIOREMEDIASI FASE SLURRY
Abstract
Abstrak: Limbah lumpur berminyak atau COCS adalah polutan yang harus mendapat perhatian dalam industri perminyakan karena jumlah dan kandungan hidrokarbonnya tinggi. Konsep oil recovery sebagai prapengolahan COCS didasarkan pada tingginya minyak yang terkandung dalamnya. Studi ini tidak hanya bertujuan mencegah pencemaran lingkungan tetapi juga bernilai ekonomi. Pada studi ini, dilakukan pengujian pengaruh biosurfaktan dalam menurunkan konsentrasi TPH pada COCS melalui oil recovery dan pengaruhnya pada degradasi mikroorganisme (petrea) pada bioremediasi Fase Slurry. Dosis pencampuran biosurfaktan meliputi rasio 1:1 dan 2:1 antara biosurfaktan dan COCS. Kecepatan pencampuran 32 rpm selama 18 jam dan didiamkan selama 24 jam. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan terbentuknya 3 fase setelah pencampuran yakni minyak (atas), air (tengah) dan solid (dasar). Sebesar 15 ml net oil berhasil diambil (rasio 1:1) dan 35 ml pada rasio 2:1. Penurunan TPH terjadi dari 20-22% menjadi 11,06-15,86% setelah penambahan biosurfaktan (rasio 1:1) dan turun kembali menjadi 7,5% (hari ke-32) setelah bioremediasi. Sedangkan penurunan TPH menjadi 11,73-14,94% pada rasio 2:1 dan turun kembali menjadi 5,6% (hari ke-9) setelah bioremediasi. Penurunan TPH yang signifikan selama bioremediasi kemungkinan disebabkan oleh biosurfaktan yang melarutkan hidrokarbon sehingga memudahkan bakteri mendegradasinya pada bioremediasi Fase Slurry. Konsentrasi logam berat yang rendah serta kondisi reaktor yang dikontrol pH (6-8) dan kelembabannya (30-80%) mendukung kerja bakteri. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa biosurfaktan sangat efektif sebagai prapengolahan lumpur untuk menurunkan TPH melalui oil recovery dan juga membantu petrea mendegradasi hidrokarbon.
Kata kunci: Bioremediasi Fase Slurry, biosurfaktan, lumpur berminyak, oil recovery prapengolahan
Abstract : Oily Sludge or COCS is a pollutant that should be concerned in the petroleum industry becaused a large amount and high contaminant content. The concept of oil recovery as a pretreatment of oily sludge is based on the high oil contain in COCS so it is not only aimed at the environmental pollution prevention but also economically. In this study, the focus are the influence of biosurfactant in reducing the TPH through oil recovery and its effects at the petrea in degrading hydrocarbon at Slurry Phase Bioremediation. The ratio between biosurfactant and COCS based on 1:1 and 2:1 ratio. The mixing speed was 32 rpm for 18 hours and stand for 24 hours. The experiment results shows the three separate phases after the addition of biosurfactant the oil (top), water (middle) and solid (bottom). For 15 ml of net oil successfully recovered at 1:1 ratio and 35 ml at 2:1 ratio. TPH was deceased from 20-22% to 11.06-15,86% by biosurfactant and fell back to 7.5% (day 32 of the bioremediation process). In the 2:1 ratio, 11.73-15.49% TPH is achieved and fell back to 5.6% (day 9). The significantly TPH decreased during the bioremediation may be caused by the hydrocarbon dissolution of biosurfactant process so help the bacteria degradated the hydrocarbon. The low concentration of heavy metal and the controlling of pH (range 6-8) and moisture (30-80%) were also supporting the work of bacteria. From this study, shown that biosurfactant is very effective as a pretreatment to decrease TPH through oil recovery and also help the petrea degradated the hydrocarbon
Key words: Biosurfactant, oil recovery, oily sludge, pretreatment, slurry phase bioremediation.
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www.scribd.com/doc/Permenlh13-2007; www.scribd.com/doc/Kepmenlh No 128 Tahun 2003- (Diunduh tanggal 1 Juni 2011.
