PENYISIHAN BESI-MANGAN, KEKERUHAN DAN WARNA MENGGUNAKAN SARINGAN PASIR LAMBAT DUA TINGKAT PADA KONDISI ALIRAN TAK JENUH STUDI KASUS: AIR SUNGAI CIKAPUNDUNG
Abstract
Abstrak: Sistem penyaringan pasir lambat merupakan salah satu proses paling awal yang digunakan untuk menghilangkan kontaminan dari permukaan air untuk menghasilkan air minum. Karena kesederhanaan, efisiensi dan keekonomisannya, menjadikan saringan pasir lambat sebagai sarana pengolahan air yang tepat, khususnya bagi pemenuhan kebutuhan air masyarakat di negara-negara berkembang. Saringan pasir lambat (SPL) beroperasi pada tingkat filtrasi sangat rendah (0,1 mL jam-1) dan menggunakan pasir yang sangat halus (0,2 mm). Pada Saringan Pasir Lambat, proses pemisahan kotoran dari air baku terjadi melalui kombinasi beberapa proses yang berbeda seperti (1) mechanical straining, (2) adsorpsi, (3) sedimentasi dan (4) aktivitas biologis serta bio-kimia pada lapisan schmutzdecke. Pada penelitian ini air baku dialirkan menuju saringan pasir lambat dua tingkat dengan kondisi aliran tak jenuh. Kondisi tak jenuh dapat meningkatkan proses aerasi dan biologis yang terjadi pada proses filtrasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui performansi kinerja dari saringan pasir lambat dua tingkat dalam menyisihkan parameter Besi, Mangan, kekeruhan dan warna yang terkandung dalam air Sungai Cikapundung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa saringan pasir lambat ini memiliki efisiensi penyisihan Fe sebesar 77,08 %, Mn sebesar 89,3 %, kekeruhan sebesar 78,96 %, dan warna sebesar 52 %.
Absctract : A slow sand filtration system is one of the earliest processes used for removing contaminants from surface waters to produce drinking water. Slow sand filters because of their simplicity, efficiency and economy are appropriate means of water treatment, particularly for community water supply in developing countries. Slow sand filters (SSF) operate at very low filtration rates (0.1 mL h−1) and using very fine sand (0.2 mm). The overall removal of impurities associated with the process of filtration, is brought by a combination of different processes. The most important of which are (1) mechanical straining, (2) adsorbtion, (3) sedimentation, (4) chemical and biological activities in schmutzdecke layer. In this research, double stage slow sand filtration was operated in unsaturated flow condition. The objective of this research is to determine the performance of double stage slow sand filter during unsaturated flow condition in reducing iron, manganese, turbidity and color that contained in Cikapundung river water.The results showed that slow sand filter has a removal efficiency: 77.08% of Fe, 89.3 % of Mn, 78.96% of turbidity, and 52 % of color.
Keyword: Slow Sand Filtration, ,double stage, drinking water, schmutzdecke, unsaturated flow, Cikapundung river, removal efficiency
References
Alaert, G. dan Santika, Sri Sumestri.1987. Metoda Penelitian Air. Surabaya, Indonesia: Penerbit Usaha Nasional.
Bahri, Syamsul dan Hidayat, Ratna. 2004. Analisis Kualitas Air Sungai Dengan Cepat Menggunakan Makrobenthos Studi Kasus Sungai Cikapundung. Bandung: Pusat Litbang Sumber Daya Air.
D. L., Baker and W. F., Duke.2006. Intermittent Slow Sand Filters for Household Use - A Field Study in Haiti. London, UK: IWA Publishing: 1-4.
Fair, Gordon. 1968. Water and Wastewater Engineering Vol 2. Water Purification and Wastewater Treatment and Disposal, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Huisman, L. 1975. Slow Sand Filter. Netherlands: Delft University of Technology.
Logsdon, G.S., Kohne, R., Abel, S., and LaBonde, S. 2002. Slow Sand Filter for Small Water Treatment Systems, J. Environ. Eng. Sci 1: 339 - 348.
Notodarmojo, Suprihanto. 2005. Pencemaran Tanah dan Air Tanah. Bandung. Penerbit ITB.
Pacini, V.A., Ingallinella, A.M., and Sanguinetti, G. 2005. Removal of Iron and Manganese Using Biological Roughing Up Flow Filtration Technology. Water Research, 39 : 4463 - 4475.
Peavy, S Howard and Rowe, Donald R.1985. Environmental Engineering, Singapore: McGraw- Hill, Inc.
Reynolds, Tom D. 1982. Unit Operations and Processes In Environmental Engineering. California: Wadsworth, Inc.
R.S, Wotton.2002.Water purification using sand. London , U.K: Department of Biology, University College London. Hydrobiologia 469: 193-201
Taweel, E.G. and Ali, G.H, 1999, Evaluation Of Roughing And Slow Sand Filters For Water Treatment. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 120: 21-28.
Torkzaban, Saeed. 2007. Colloid transport in unsaturated porous media: The role of water content and ionic strength on particle straining. Contaminant Hydrology 96 : 113-127.
Sawyer, Clair N and Mc. Carty, Perry L; 1967. Chemistry for Sanitary Engineering. Tokyo: Mc Graw-Hill Book Company; Kogakusha Company Ltd.
