ANALISIS DISTRIBUSI PENCEMAR UDARA NO2, SO2, CO, DAN O2 DI JAKARTA DENGAN WRF-CHEM
Abstract
Abstrak: Tingginya aktivitas perkotaan di DKI Jakarta meningkatkan emisi pencemar udara sumber antropogenik seperti NO2, SO2, CO, dan O3. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan simulasi numerik mengenai distribusi pencemar udara di atmosfer akibat faktor meteorologi pada musim kemarau (Agustus 2011) dan musim hujan (Januari 2011) dengan simulasi numerik WRF-Chem. Input emisi simulasi berasal dari inventarisasi emisi antropogenik tahun 2011 pada penggunaan energi di sektor industri, transportasi, dan kebutuhan domestik serta pembakaran residu pertanian di Jakarta dan sekitarnya. Inventarisasi emisi yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi SO2 tertinggi dihasilkan dari sektor industri sedangkan kontribusi NO2 dan CO tertinggi dihasilkan dari transportasi. Hasil WRF-Chem menunjukkan bahwa pola meteorologi musim kemarau memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan dengan musim hujan. Pada musim kemarau, terjadi dominasi angin lokal laut/darat yang mendistribusi pencemar udara ke arah utara (Teluk Jakarta) saat terjadi angin darat dan ke arah selatan (Jakarta Selatan dan Bogor) saat terjadi angin laut. Di musim ini, kecepatan angin rendah dan terbentuk mixing layer yang signifikan. Pada musim hujan, adanya angin permukaan akibat angin sinoptik dengan kecepatan tinggi dari arah barat dan variasinya mendistribusi pencemar ke arah timur (Jakarta Timur dan Bekasi). Kecepatan angin tinggi dan mixing layer yang terbentuk lebih rendah dibanding pada musim kemarau. Verifikasi hasil pemodelan dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil simulasi dengan hasil observasi di stasiun pemantauan pencemaran udara DKI 2 di Kelapa Gading, Jakarta.
Kata kunci: distribusi pencemar udara, inventarisasi emisi, Jakarta, pencemar udara, WRF-Chem
Abstract: The increase of urban activities in DKI Jakarta implies in higher air pollutants emission such as NO2, SO2, CO, and O3 which come from anthropogenic sources. In this research, the numerical simulations of meteorological aspects on air pollutants distributions during dry season (August 2011) and wet season (January 2011) are conducted by using WRF-Chem software. The anthropogenic emission input for WRF-Chem is calculated from 2011 emission inventory in Jakarta and its suburban areas from energy-utilization sectors (industrials, transportations, and domestic) and agricultural residual burning. The emission inventory shows that industrial sectors contribute the highest SO2 emission among all. Therefore, the transportation sectors contribute the highest NO2 and CO emission among all. The WRF-Chem results show that the meteorological characteristic during dry and wet season has significant differences one another. During the dry season, sea/land breeze local winds has major influences in distributing air pollutants to the north (Jakarta Bay) due to land breeze and south (South Jakarta and Bogor) due to sea breeze. In this season, the wind velocity is relatively low and the mixing layer is formed significantly. Therefore, during the wet season the synoptic westerly wind influences the surfaces wind results in low domination of sea/land breeze local wind and distributes the air pollutants to the east (East Jakarta and Bekasi). The wind velocity is high and the inversion layer is not significantly formed compared to dry season. For the simulation results verification, a comparison between simulated and observed values from air quality monitoring stations DKI 2 in Kelapa Gading is conducted.
Key words: air pollutant distributions, emission inventory, Jakarta, air pollutants, WRF-Chem
References
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