ANALISIS PAPARAN BTX TERHADAP PEKERJA DI PT. PERTAMINA RU IV CILACAP
Abstract
Abstrak: Perusahaan Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Negara (PERTAMINA) merupakan suatu perusahaan milik Negara yang bergerak dalam bidang perminyakan. Produk yang dihasilkan oleh kilang ini antara lain paraxylene, LPG, rafinat, heavy aromatic, dan benzena. Beberapa senyawa kimia yang sering terdeteksi di kilang ini antara lain H2S, NH3, Metil Etil Keton (MEK), klorin, merkuri, dan Benzene Toluene Xylene (BTX). Efek kesehatan akut yang umum terjadi akibat paparan BTX adalah terganggunya sistem syaraf pusat (SSP). Gejala-gejala terganggunya sistem syaraf ini antara lain mual, muntah, pusing, dan sakit kepala. Bila terpapar dengan konsentrasi yang cukup tinggi maka dapat timbul gejala seperti gemetar, lemas, gangguan pada tekanan darah, sakit kepala pusing tiba-tiba, vertigo, muntah, dehidrasi hingga kematian. Efek kronis paparan BTX dapat merusak sistem organ tertentu. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada 40 orang pekerja yang dianggap terpapar. Data Primer yang akan diambil meliputi dosis kandungan BTX tertinggi yang terinhalasi pada pekerja, sampel urin, parameter fisika, penyebaran kuesioner, dan wawancara pada pekerja. Data sekunder yang akan digunakan adalah data monitoring dari PT. Pertamina RU IV Cilacap. Prosedur pengambilan dan analisis sampel udara dan breathing zone mengacu pada NIOSH 1501 (Hydrocarbons, Aromatic). Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis sampel urin mengacu pada NIOSH 8301. Paparan inhalasi pekerja masih berada di bawah ambang batas yang telah ditentukan pemerintah. Pada Unit KPC, intake benzene yang tertinggi adalah 0,1515 ppm, pada Laboratorium 0,2850 ppm, dan pada bagian Administrasi adalah 0,0230 ppm. Nilai CDI tertinggi ditemukan pada pekerja di bagian Laboratorium dengan nilai sebesar 0.0187 mg/kg.day. Terdapat korelasi antara CDI dengan konsenrasi fenol pada pekerja. Sebanyak 15 pekerja memiliki HI > 1, yang berarti bahwa paparan dosis benzene terhadap pekerja memiliki potensi untuk membahayakan kesehatan pekerja.
Kata kunci: BTX, benzene, toluene, xylene, analisis paparan
Abstract : Perusahaan Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Negara (Pertamina) is a state-owned company engaged in the oil business. The products produced by this company include paraxylene, LPG, rafinat, heavy aromatics, and benzene. Some chemical compounds that are often detected at the refinery include H2S, NH3, Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK), chlorine, mercury, and Benzene Toluene Xylene (BTX). Acute effect caused by BTX exposure that usually happens to human is affected central nervous system (CNS). The symptoms are nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and headache. If human get exposed with high concentration, then they will experience shaking, limp, blood pressure disruption, headache, instant dizziness, vertigo, vomiting, dehydration, death. Chronic effect from BTX exposure can harm certain organ system. This research was conducted to 40 workers who were considered to be exposed by BTX. Primary data that was taken included the highest BTX compound dosage inhaled by workers, urine sample, physical parameters, questionnaire, and interview to workers. Secondary data that was used was environmental monitoring data from PT. Pertamina RU IV Cilacap. Sampling procedure and analysis for breathing zone refered to NIOSH 1501 (Hydrocarbons, Aromatic). Method that was used to analyze urine sample refered to NIOSH 8301. Inhalation exposured to workers were stiil below the threshold that was set by the govenrment. The highest benzene intake in KPC Unit was 0.1515 ppm, in Laboratory was 0.2850 ppm, and in Administration was 0.0230 ppm. The highest CDI value in workers was found in the Laboratory with the value of 0.0187 mg/kg.day. There was correlation between CDI and phenol concentration in workers. There were 15 workers who had HI > 1, that means the benzene dosage exposure to workers his potential to harm
workers' health.
Key words: BTX, benzene, toluene, xylene, exposure analysis
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