Analisis Kerentanan Seismik pada Jembatan Beton Bertulang Eksisting dengan Kolom Pendek: Tinjauan Terkini
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5614/jts.2025.32.1.9Keywords:
Seismic fragility analysis, existing reinforced concrete bridges, short columns, fragility curves, shear failure mechanismsAbstract
Abstrak
Struktur jembatan beton bertulang eksisting yang direncanakan berdasarkan peraturan lama umumnya belum mempertimbangkan konsep perencanaan tahan gempa dan belum mengaplikasikan detailing seismik yang memadai. Hal ini menjadi perhatian bagi jembatan eksisting dengan kolom pendek yang memiliki aspek rasio (a/h) di bawah 2.5 dan berpotensi mengalami mekanisme keruntuhan geser atau geser-lentur. Mekanisme keruntuhan tersebut mengakibatkan performa struktur jembatan akibat gempa memiliki tingkat ketidakpastian yang tinggi. Analisis kerentanan seismik pada struktur jembatan eksisting dapat dilakukan dengan mengembangkan kurva kerentanan menggunakan incremental dynamic non-linear time history analysis yang mampu menghasilkan nilai probabilitas kerusakan pada berbagai intensitas gempa. Penelitian terdahulu umumnya mengembangkan kurva kerentanan berdasarkan idealisasi perilaku sendi plastis pada kolom jembatan yang mengalami mekanisme keruntuhan lentur akibat beban gempa. Studi ini menyampaikan tinjauan terkini (state-of-the-art) yang meliputi penelitian struktur jembatan beton bertulang dengan kolom pendek, khususnya yang perilaku keruntuhannya tidak didominasi oleh mekanisme lentur. Tinjauan ini juga mengusulkan kerangka kerja untuk penilaian risiko seismik dan pengembangan kurva kerentanan yang lebih sesuai untuk struktur jembatan dengan kolom pendek. Hasil tinjauan ini dapat memberikan gambaran yang lebih jelas mengenai risiko seismik yang dihadapi oleh jembatan dengan kolom pendek, serta menunjukkan potensi penelitian lanjutan yang dapat dilakukan untuk pengembangan kurva kerentanan yang lebih akurat dan relevan.
Kata-kata Kunci: Analisis kerentanan seismik, jembatan beton bertulang eksisting, kolom pendek, kurva kerentanan, mekanisme keruntuhan geser
Abstract
Existing reinforced concrete bridge structures designed based on older regulations often do not consider seismic design concepts and lack adequate seismic detailing. This issue is particularly concerning for existing bridges with short columns and aspect ratio (a/h) below 2.5, which has the potential of shear or flexural-shear failure mechanisms. These failure mechanisms result in a high level of uncertainty in the seismic performance of bridge structures.Seismic fragility analysis of existing bridge structures can be performed by developing fragility curves using the incremental dynamic non-linear time history analysis method, which is capable of providing damage probability for various levels of seismic intensity. Previous studies typically developed fragility curves based on idealized plastic hinge behavior in bridge columns subjected to flexural failure mechanisms.This study presents a state-of-the-art review of reinforced concrete bridge structures with short columns, especially those whose failure behavior are not dominated by flexure mechanism. This review also proposes a framework for seismic risk assessment and for the development of more suitable fragility curves for bridge structures with short columns.The findings of this study can provide an understanding of the seismic risk in bridges with short columns, while also highlighting the potential for future research to develop more accurate and relevant fragility curves.
Keywords: Seismic fragility analysis, existing reinforced concrete bridges, short columns, fragility curves, shear failure mechanisms
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