SMART SURVEILLANCE DAN KETERATURAN SOSIAL (STUDI KASUS IMPLEMENTASI SMART CITY DI KOTA BANDUNG)
Keywords:
smart surveillance, keteraturan sosial, smart cityAbstract
Studi tentang pengawasan (surveillance) telah berkembang dari konsep panopticon yang rigid ke konsep yang lebih halus dan cair. Konsep dan implementasi surveillance ini berkaitan erat dengan upaya menciptakan keteraturan sosial. Penelitian ini membahas konsep smart surveillance yang merupakan suatu jenis pengawasan dengan memanfaatkan sistem teknologi dalam kaitannya dengan upaya menciptakan keteraturan sosial di masyarakat, khususnya masyarakat di perkotaan. Penelitian ini dibangun berdasarkan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus untuk memperdalam masalah dan menangkap maknamakna di lapangan secara holistik dan komprehensif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui serangkaian observasi dan wawancara mendalam serta ditunjang dengan studi literatur. Lokasi penelitian bertempat di Kota Bandung yang merupakan salah satu pionir implementasi smart city di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan teknologi surveillance di Kota Bandung terbukti efektif dan efisien dalam menciptakan keteraturan sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan teknologi surveillance dalam bentuk CCTV telah berhasil menciptakan keteraturan dengan memanfaatkan CCTV untuk mengawasi, memahami pola aktivitas para pelanggar untuk kemudian dilakukan penindakan. Dengan demikian teknologi telah menjadi perangkat kontrol dalam rangka menciptakan keteraturan sosial di perkotaan.
The study of surveillance has been evolved from the rigid panopticon concept to the more fluid one. The concept and implementation of surveillance are contributed to establish social order. This research mainly discusses about smart surveillance concept, one kind of surveillance that uses technological system in order to establish social order in society, particularly on urban society. This research is conducted on a qualitative approach by case study to get the deeper understanding of problems and to get the comprehensive and holistic means that showed in surveillance implementation. The data was collected by observation and indepth interview, which also supported by literature study. The location of this study is located in Bandung City, which is one of the pioneers of the implementation of smart city in Indonesia. The results of the study showed that implementation of surveillance technology in Bandung City has proved to be effective and efficient in order to establish social order in society. This study has also shown that there's a transformation of social control instrument, where the role of traditional belief and social norm to maintain social order has been replaced by technological system.
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