KAJIAN REZIM HIDROLOGI DAN SALINITAS DAS LANDAK- KAPUAS DALAM RANGKA PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER AIR BAKU SPAM REGIONAL PONTIANAK - ZONA HUJAN EQUATORIAL
Abstract
Abstrak: Adanya rencana pembangunan berkelanjutan di kawasan pesisir kapuas menuju Kota Metropolitan Pontianak, memerlukan sumber air baku yang layak dari segi kualitas, kuantitas dan kontinuitas sesuai standar nasional. Dari segi kuantitas, ketersediaan air baku cukup berlimpah, namun dari segi kualitas, sumber air baku Kota Pontianak terancam interusi air laut pada tahun normal dan tahun kering di musim kemarau. Saat ini, cakupan layanan PDAM di wilayah Regional Pontianak baru mencapai 45% dari total penduduk 1.022.269 jiwa (2010). Kualitas air hasil produksi PDAM juga kurang stabil dampak dari kualitas air baku tidak memadai (warna tinggi dan kadar klorida diatas ambang batas saat kemarau) sehingga kualitas air yang diterima pelanggan tidak layak minum. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai rezim hidrologi untuk keandalan sumber air baku (kualitas dan kuantitas) dari Sungai Ambawang interbasin Sungai Landak (Biyung) yang terpilih dijadikan sumber air baku yang barudalam pengembangan infrastruktur air minum Regional Pontianak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sungai Ambawang secara periodik terpengaruh pasang surut yang berpoten si terinterusi air laut, sehingga dibangun bendungan untuk memutus salinitas. Sedangkan Sungai Landak (Biyung) memiliki debit yang acak dan dipengaruhi oleh curah hujan. Hasil pembagian debit Discrit Markov terhadap nilai salinitas menunjukkan bahwa, salinitas tertinggi terjadi pada iklim kering, bulan kering dan debit harian kering dimana amplitudo pasut di muara sungai maksimum. Debit harian minimum Sungai Landak tercatat pada tahun 1997 sebesar 21 m3/detik analog dengan debit rencana R20 1 harian sebesar 23,38 m3/detik. Kebutuhan air baku Regional Pontianak sampai dengan tahun 2030 sebesar 4,6 m3/det sedangkan debit untuk alokasi air minum enggunakan debit 20 tahun kering, R20 kering pada Sungai Ambawang sebesar 12,05 m3/det, sehingga sampai dengan tahun 2030 kebutuhan air baku Regional Pontianak dapat terpenuhi.
Kata kunci: air baku, air minum, Regional Pontianak, salinitas, Sungai Ambawang, Sungai Landak.
Abstract : The existence of sustainable development plan inkapuas coastal areas towardPontianak Metropolitan Cities, requires a decent source of raw water in terms of quality, quantity and continuity according to national standards. In terms of quantity, availability of raw water is quite abundant, but in terms of quality, raw water source is threatened sea water interution in normal and dry years in the dry season. Currently, the services coverageof PDAM in the area of Regional Pontianak only reached 45% of the total population of 1,022,269soul (2010). Water quality output PDAM is also unstable, impact of inadequate water quality (high color and chloride levels above the threshold when dry) so that customers receive quality water unfit to drink. This study discusses the hydrological regime for the reliability of raw water source (quality and quantity) of interbasin Ambawang River Landak River (Biyung) were selected as new raw water source for drinking water infrastructure development Regional Pontianak. The results showed that Ambawang River periodically affected by tidal and seawater interution, so the dam was built to break salinity. While the Landak River (Biyung) has a random discharge and is influenced by rainfall. The result of the division of discharge Discrit Markov against salinity values showed that, the highest salinity occurs in dry climates, dry month and daily discharge dry where the amplitude tidal estuary maximum. The minimum daily discharge Landak River recorded in 1997 at 21 m3 / sec analog with R20 daily discharge plan of 23.38 m3/ sec. Pontianak Regional raw water needs of 4.6 m3 / sec in the 2030, while the used discharge for the allocation of drinking water a debit 20 years of dry, dry R20 on the River Ambawang of 12.05 m3/sec, so the 2030 needs raw water Regional Pontianak can be met.
Key words: raw water, drinking water, Regional Pontianak, salinity, Ambawang River, Landak River
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